Abstract: A catalyst composition has an upstream stage and a downstream stage, the upstream stage containing a catalytic material which is different from the catalytic material contained on the downstream stage and is characterized by having a low ignition temperature, e.g., 350.degree. C. to less than 400.degree. C. for the substantially simultaneous conversion of HC, CO and NO.sub.x pollutants contained in, e.g., the exhaust of an automobile engine operating at a substantially stoichiometric air-to-fuel weight ratio. The downstream catalytic material is characterized by having a higher conversion efficiency for substantially simultaneous conversion of HC, CO and NO.sub.x than the upstream catalytic material at elevated operation temperatures which may be, for example, from about 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. The method of the invention includes passing a gaseous exhaust stream containing HC, CO and NO.sub.x pollutants sequentially through first the upstream and then through the downstream catalytic materials.

Abstract: A novel crystalline aluminum ammonium phosphate, characterized by predominantly equiaxed crystals, is provided of the formula: Al.sub.2 (NH.sub.4)OH(PO.sub.4).sub.2.2H.sub.2 O. The phosphate is useful as a dentifrice polishing agent and filler for plastics. The novel product can be prepared by reacting aluminum trihydroxide with diammonium orthophosphate or monobasic ammonium phosphate. By heating at elevated temperature, the product can be converted to the tridymite form of aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochemical process for the manufacture of hydrogen peroxidewherein a 9,10-phenanthraquinone compound is exposed, in the presence of an effective amount of a hydrogen donor alcohol, to electromagnetic radiation to photoreduce the 9,10-phenanthraquinone compound to the correpsonding dihydro-compound,wherein the dihydro-compound obtained is oxidized to produce hydrogen peroxide and to regenerate the 9,10-phenanthraquinone compound, andcharacterized in that said 9,10-phenanthraquinone compound is selected from the group of compounds consisting of unsubstituted 9,10-phenanthraquinone and 9,10-phenanthraquinone substituted by one or more members of the class consisting of alkyl groups of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, --CF.sub.3, F and --SO.sub.3 M, M being H or an alkali metal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a hydroxyl apatite material by means of hydrothermal conversion using as starting material a calcitic skeleton which has been purified of organic substances. The conversion is carried out under saturated steam pressure, preferably at a temperature in the range of from 100.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. The influence of the reaction, or rather the defect density of the materials is preferably achieved by the addition of fluoride ions. In addition, the adaption of the material to differing implantation areas as hard tissue replacements as well as the preparation of workable compact implants is described.

Abstract: A novel method of producing ammonia by the reduction of molecular nitrogen is provided using a solid metal oxide catalyst and an organic compound in aqueous medium. Pure gaseous nitrogen or air can be reduced in the dark without using any photoenergy or by a photoassisted reaction which uses solar and/or artificial photoenergy. Substantial yields of ammonia are obtained in the dark without the use of photoenergy while major enhancement in yields is obtained via the photoassisted reaction in comparison to presently known methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method in which a hydrolyzed product of tin compound or a soluble stannate is reacted with tin chloride in neutral or alkaline aqueous solution so as to produce fine powder of lead stannate. In accordance with this method, it is possible to obtain fine powder of lead stannate which is high in purity and uniform in particle size.

Abstract: A means for promoting the neutralization reaction between particulate calcium carbonate and ionized phosphate by adding a material formed by the reaction of particulate calcium carbonate and dilute hydrofluoric acid. The products of this invention are useful in lowering serum phosphate levels in patients undergoing renal dialysis, and are also useful as antacids. These products are also useful in the treatment of water and waste water to lower phosphate content.

Abstract: A method of making fine particulate aluminum nitride, including the steps of reacting gaseous aluminum trichloride with aluminum-containing metallic material at elevated temperature to convert some of the trichloride to monochloride gas; introducing a gaseous nitrogen source to the monochloride-containing gas for reacting nitrogen with the monochloride to form fine particulate aluminum nitride; conducting a flow of gas comprising aluminum trichloride having the particulate nitride entrained therein to a cooling locality; there condensing the trichoride and accumulating the condensed trichloride and particulate nitride; and periodically reevaporating and removing the trichloride from the cooling locality for separating out and recovering the accumulated nitride.

Abstract: A process for producing an aluminum nitride powder by reacting a mixture of alumina and carbon with a nitrogen gas, wherein the mixture of alumina and carbon being contacted with a nitrogen-containing inert gas at a temperature of 1,000.degree. to 1,400.degree. C. at a pressure of not higher than 0.1 atmosphere before a reaction is started to form aluminum nitride.

Abstract: A method for separating barium contaminants from soluble strontium compounds comprising adding sulfuric acid and a basic strontium compound in solid, suspended or dissolved form to an aqueous solution of a barium-contaminated soluble strontium compound in controlled amounts with thorough stirring to maintain the pH of the solution between about 3 and about 10; removing solids which precipitate from the solution; and thereafter recovering a strontium compound having a decreased barium content from the solution. The method may be carried out continuously or batch-wise, and the sulfuric acid and basic strontium compound can be added in repeated alternating portions or continuously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing linear polyphosphazene polymers by direct synthesis under anhydrous conditions from NH.sub.4 Cl and at least one chlorophosporous compound selected from the group consisting of PCl.sub.5, XPCl.sub.4, or X.sub.2 PCl.sub.3 wherein X is one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C.sub.6 H.sub.5 -, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 Cl-, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 F-, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 Br-, C.sub.6 H.sub.2 Cl.sub.3 -, C.sub.6 F.sub.5 -, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 CF.sub.3 -, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 NO.sub.2 -, Cl.sub.3 C-, F.sub.3 C-, F.sub.5 C.sub.2 -, F.sub.7 C.sub.3 -, or HC.sub.2 F.sub.4 -. Each of these compounds may be prepared in situ in a reactor. The instant process controls the pressure in the reactor through continuous venting of by-product HCl at elevated pressures. The instant invention also utilizes an excess of of reactive solvent such as PCl.sub.3, XPCl.sub.2, or X.sub.2 PCl as X is defined above.

Abstract: A layered compound of beta-ZrNX in which X is chlorine, bromine or a solid solution of chlorine and bromine is useful as a lubricant or an electrochromic display member.

Abstract: A method of separating hydrogen from mixture with at least one gas selected from the group consisting of methane and its higher homologs, nitrogen, noble gases, CO, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, NH.sub.3, H.sub.2 O, and H.sub.2 S, comprising contacting the mixture with active magnesium thereby selectively to absorb the hydrogen by forming magnesium hydride, separating the unabsorbed gas from the magnesium hydride, heating the magnesium hydride thereby to desorb the hydrogen in purified form and regenerate active magnesium from the hydride, and recovering the desorbed hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for extracting cesium ions from an aqueous solution, comprising:(a) producing, in a polar organic solvent, an adduct compound which is the product of (i) a macrocyclic polyether containing at least one species of the structural elements ##STR1## where, in structure I, n represents one of the numbers 0, 1 or 2, the --C-- (C).sub.n --O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, or phenyl, with up to 4 R.sub.1 not being H; in structure II, the --C--C--O-- group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.2 is H, CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.sub.3, or phenyl, with up to 2 R.sub.2 not being H; and in structure III, the --C--C--O group forms part of the polyether ring and R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.sub.3, or phenyl, with up to 2 R.sub.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the separation and purification of oxygen and nitrogen as well as a novel membrane useful therein are disclosed. The process utilizes novel facilitated transport membranes to selectively transport oxygen from one gaseous stream to another, leaving nitrogen as a byproduct. In the method, an oxygen carrier capable of reversibly binding molecular oxygen is dissolved in a polar organic membrane which separates a gaseous feed stream such as atmospheric air and a gaseous product stream. The feed stream is maintained at a sufficiently high oxygen pressure to keep the oxygen carrier in its oxygenated form at the interface of the feed stream with the membrane, while the product stream is maintained at a sufficiently low oxygen pressure to keep the carrier in its deoxygenated form at the interface of the product stream with the membrane.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing indium phosphide that avoids the explosion problem which often occurs in the synthesis procedures which use the direct reaction of elemental phosphorus and elemental indium to produce indium phosphide. The method utilizes specific heating, pressurizing and cooling parameters to safely produce highly pure, stoichiometric, polycrystalline indium phosphide.

Abstract: A process and installation for the production of powdered, surface-active agglomeratable, calcined material, specifically calcined lime, from material or raw material present in the form of sludge, scum or the like, such as the waste materials in the sugar industry. The specific example of the process is production of calcined lime and/or usable CO.sub.2 from waste materials existing in the sugar producing industry. The process includes reacting the raw materials in a special mixing chamber under controlled time and temperature conditions, preheating the materials by using the reaction exhaust gases, obtaining calcined lime particles isolated from CO.sub.2 gases, and recycling portions of the particles to obtain complete reaction of the material. The process provides calcined lime which can be discharged in solid form or converted through further stages to lime-milk for direct use in sugar making processes.

Abstract: Acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide is manufactured by reacting an iron(II) salt solution with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and oxidizing the resulting suspension of iron(II) hydroxide in three stages. In a first stage, at most from 0.1 to 4% by weight of the amount of iron(II) hydroxide originally present is oxidized in the course of from 0.1 to 4 hours, in a second stage from 10 to 25% by weight of the said original amount are oxidized in the course of from 1.5 to 6 hours and in a third stage the remaining amount is oxidized. After the oxidation, the goethite formed is reduced to magnetite and the latter is then oxidized to acicular gamma-iron(III) oxide.

Abstract: Goethite is obtained by reacting an aqueous solution of an iron (II) salt with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and oxidizing the resulting iron(II) hydroxide. The oxidation is carried out in three stages. In the first stage, from 4 to 15% by weight are oxidized in the course of from 0.4 to 5 hours, in the second stage from 60 to 85% by weight are oxidized in the course of from 1.5 to 6 hours and in a third stage the remaining amount of iron is oxidized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing magnetic particle powder of acicular ferric oxide used for a magnetic recording material comprising (A) reducing acicular goethite particle powder to obtain acicular magnetite particle powder, (B) heating said acicular magnetite particle powder and thereby making the partial pressure of oxygen in said acicular magnetite particle powder reach the equilibrium value and (C) oxidizing said acicular magnetite particle powder to obtain gamma-hematite (maghemite) particle powder, and magnetic particle powder produced thereby.