Abstract: A system directly converts digital video component signals to NTSC signal format. The system includes a digital filter which receives digital samples of the video component signal. Coefficients are stored in memory and applied to the taps of the digital filter together with the digital samples of the video component signal to effect conversion of the components to coefficient modified samples of the signals. Further digital processing completes the conversion to the NTSC signal format.

Abstract: Main panel and side panel components of a widescreen television signal are intraframe processed over different frequency ranges, resulting in a noticeable difference between "judder" motion artifacts of main and side panel images displayed by a receiver. A side panel field difference signal encoded in a transmitted widescreen signal is used by a receiver to eliminate the differential judder effect of displayed main and center panel information. The field difference signal contains field difference information over a range of frequencies between a first frequency above which the main panel component is intraframe processed, and a different second frequency above which the side panel component is intraframe processed.

Abstract: A pre-measurement of the subject brightness is performed with a preset aperture value and a preset shutter speed, and a main measurement is performed with a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed that are determined based on the result of the pre-measurement in accordance with a program for the main measurement, wherein the aperture value is selected from among a relatively small number of predetermined aperture values. Thereafter, a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed for photographing is determined based on the result of the main measurement in accordance with another program, wherein the aperture value is selected among a larger number of predetermined aperture values, so that the number of changing aperture value and thus the time lag are remarkably reduced while achieving an accurate exposure control.

Abstract: In a television transmission system a digital luminance signal Dy and two digital color difference signals DCHR(1) and DCHR(2) are applied to a distribution circuit 3 at the transmitter end, which digital color difference signals are applied thereto possibly after having been subjected to a vertical decimation operation with a decimation factor R. The distribution circuit 3 partitions all these signals into groups of Q sample per group. After receiving an even number of luminance groups and an even number of chrominance groups, a first half of this number of luminance groups and a first half of this number of chrominance groups is applied to a first auxiliary picture signal output 3(4) of the distribution circuit 3, while simultaneously the other half of the number of luminance groups and the other half of the number of chrominance groups is applied to a second auxiliary picture signal output (3(5) of the distribution circuit.

Abstract: A color television receiver includes a picture-in-picture processor and a variable filtering circuit for imparting a "slope type" filtering characteristic to the chrominance component of displayed signals when the main picture being displayed is from a tuner video source and for imparting a "hay-stack" type filtering characteristic to the chrominance component when the main picture picture being displayed is from an auxiliary video source thereby providing an effective reduction in the visibility of chrominance signal sideband amplitude errors when displaying picture-in-picture images from different types of sources.

Abstract: A contact type image sensor is disclosed, wherein an illumination source having a thin film light emitting element is opposed to a sensor section having thin film photo sensitive elements, a transparent substrate being disposed therebetween. The thin film light emitting element is so-called an organic thin film EL element, which comprises an anode, a hole transport thin film, an electron transport organic fluorescent thin film, and a cathode. Since the organic thin film EL element can be driven at a low DC voltage, it decrease the fluctuation of the intensity of the illumination light, resulting in remarkably imprving the reading accuracy of an image. In addition, the thin film light emitting element can be operated with a small amount of power. Moreover, it can be thinly structured.

Abstract: A main signal motion detection signal and a multiplex motion detection signal are processed to obtain a compensated motion detection signal. This signal is a motion detection signal for a portion other than a portion having an aspect ratio of 4:3. Thus, a television signal processor is provided which eliminates quality differences between images in the portion having an aspect ratio of 4:3 and images in the other portion having a different aspect ratio.

Abstract: An error correction method and circuit for a nonlinear quantization circuit comparing a test signal which is produced from an error correction table by applying an analog reference signal into a nonlinear circuit with reference data that is defined as an output of the error correction table when the nonlinear circuit has no error, and updating the error correction table by the test signal and the reference data when they disagree. The output of the nonlinear circuit is corrected by using the error correction table. The technique is particularly suitable for nonlinear conversion performed by a gamma correction circuit of a color television camera.

Abstract: A video camera system provides automatic intensity control and includes an imaging system and an image transducing apparatus having an entry window which is image line scanned and on which images of pictures to be taken are formed by the imaging system. The image transducing apparatus transforms these images into electrical output signals which are converted by an amplitude to frequency converter into control signals of corresponding frequency.

Abstract: A solid state image sensing device is comprised of a plurality of vertical electrons transfer areas and a plurality of transfer electrodes for receiving different clock signals respectively, a plurality of polysilicon patterns for connecting one of the transfer electrodes in one of the vertical channels to other transfer electrodes receiving the same clock signal in other vertical channels and a plurality of photodiode being alternately disposed to the vertical channels, each of the photodiode being surrounded by a part of each of the polysilicon patterns.

Abstract: An exposure control device for a still video camera having an imaging device provided with shutter function, a flash device for emitting light, and a light metering device for obtaining brightness information of an object for exposure control or a distance metering device for obtaining information of an object distance, is adapted for actuating the flash to emit during the accumulation time of signal charges in the imaging device, sweeping unnecessary charges out from a transfer section of the imaging device when the flash emitting is completed, and transferring the accumulated signal charges to the transfer section, whereby smear factor of the image signal can be eliminated. The flash is emitted when the accumulation of signal charges starts and the flash stops emitting when the proper exposure is attained. The emitting time is determined by the object distance, thereby the flash emission contributes to a proper exposure.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is provided for minimizing cross-color artifacts in the encoding and decoding of quadrature modulated color television signals during the encoding process, so that when the encoded video signals are decoded,s uch artifacts are minimized while a maximum amount of picture detail is preserved. A luminance signal is applied to both a delay element and an adaptive filter. The output of the delay element, a delayed luminance signal, is applied to a subtractor circuit. The output of the adaptive filter, an adaptive compensation signal, is applied to a variable limiter. Within the variable limiter, the adaptive compensation signal is applied to a rectifier/intergrator and a limiter circuit. The output of the rectifier/integrator, a cross-color activity signal, is sent to a scaler/combiner circuit top which is also optionally applied a chrominance activity signal. The scaler/combiner circuit weights these inputs with different factors before summing them.

Abstract: An adaptive comb filter for separating at least one component of a video signal includes a filter input terminal for receiving the video signal, a first delay device for delaying the video signal by a first interval to produce a first delayed video signal, a second delay device for delaying the video signal by a second interval to produce a second delayed video signal, a first signal subtractor for producing a first difference signal proportional to a difference between the video signal and the first delayed video signal, a second subtractor for producing a second difference signal proportional to a difference between the first delayed video signal and the second delayed video signal, a first signal summing device for producing a first summation signal proportional to a summation of the first difference signal and the second difference signal, a signal selecting device for controllably selecting one of the first difference signal, the second difference signal and the first summation signal as the separated co

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of a synchronization signal in at least one of a red, green and blue video input signal is disclosed, that permits signal processing to occur on the red, green and blue video input signals after the synchronization signal has been removed therefrom, while providing a reconstituted synchronization signal that is combined with the red, green and blue video signals after the completion of the signal processing.

Abstract: A camera system with an interchangeable lens, including a memory for storing discrimination data for discriminating characteristics of a diaphragm, the memory being provided in the lens unit. Control characteristics of the diaphragm are adjusted inside the camera body on the basis of the discrimination data. Discrimination data on the characteristics of the diaphragm and/or control data according to the characteristics of the diaphragm are stored in the memory of the interchangeable lens.

Abstract: A correction circuit processes digitized signals from an image sensor and generates gain correction values to compensate for variations in the output of the sensor. While imaging a gain calibration object, the sensor is operated in a calibration mode in which a plurality of calibration values are generated that pertain to each photosite. The digitized calibration values are transformed into log space for processing by a gain level averaging circuit. The log calibration signals are first subtracted from a reference corresponding to a maximum expected signal value. The difference signals are serially accumulated by means of pair of registers and an adder, and the sum is stored in a gain memory. In a subsequent normal operating mode, the summed signals for each photosite are retrieved from the gain memory and bit-shifted to form an average correction value for each photosite.

Abstract: A digital correlated double sampling circuit employs three registers and a single clock signal to sample the output of a charge transfer device. The first register samples the reset reference value on the falling edge of the master clock cycle while the remaining two registers sample on the rising edge. The second register samples the image level and the third register samples the output of the first register, thus effecting a delay of the reset reference level. The outputs of the second and third registers, that is, the image level and the reset reference level, are differenced to provide a noise-free image signal.

Abstract: A film image reader/scanner apparatus providing two capabilities, operable at separate times wherein one capability provides for the projection onto a viewing screen of a light image created from a film image presented to the apparatus with the second capability providing for a line-by-line scan of the light image that is directed to a linear scan array for the production of signals representative of the light image.

Abstract: An electronic zoom apparatus is used in an image pickup device constructing one frame while a raster scanning is performed with respect to image data of first and second fields. The apparatus comprises a memory for storing first image data of the first field and second image data of the second field; a frame making circuit for transmitting a control signal to the memory in accordance with a control signal transmitted from a control section such that the stored first and second image data are synthesized as one frame and are read at random; and an interpolating circuit for performing an interpolation processing with respect to the first and second image data transmitted from the memory by the control signal transmitted from the frame making circuit.

Abstract: In an image sensing apparatus such as a video camera, an evaluating value for exposure control and determination of a gamma correction value is computed in response to a video signal obtained by an image sensing device for each of a plurality of sampling areas in a sensed image. When an evaluating value which exceeds an allowable range with respect to a predetermined reference value is included in the evaluating values, it is determined that an abnormal luminance portion exists in the corresponding sampling area, so that weighting of the evaluating value is decreased, whereby the effect of such an area on exposure adjustment is restrained. In addition, the picture contrast is computer from the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the evaluating values, whereby the most suitable gamma correction value is determined based on this picture contrast.