Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the removal of crotonaldehyde impurity from cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde by the selective, catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to butyraldehyde followed by distillation of the butyraldehyde from the cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde.

Abstract: In a method of producing dimethyl ether from a mixed gas containing carbon monoxide and either or both of hydrogen and water vapor or a mixed gas of them further containing carbon dioxide, the improvement which comprises using a mixed catalyst prepared by pulverizing a mixed catalyst containing at least zinc oxide, copper oxide or chromium oxide, and aluminum oxide, compressing to bind them by a high pressure press and then pulverizing again or a mixed catalyst comprising at least zinc oxide, copper oxide and alumina, in a slurry state formed by suspending in a solvent. In the method of the invention, the yield of dimethyl ether is high, and the conversion water produced through reaction to hydrogen is high. There is no problem of clogging with catalyst, and mechanical strength is not required. Besides, the applicable range of the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is wide and the reaction is possible in the presence of carbon dioxide in a high concentration.

Abstract: In the preparation of m-chloroaromatics by isomerizing corresponding o- and/or p-chloroaromatics in the liquid phase over zeolites, the activity of the zeolites remains at a high level for a particularly long time if the process is carried out in the presence of from 1 to 30 mol % of hydrogen, based on the chloroaromatics used.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of D-chiro-inositol from kasugamycin, comprising the steps of:(a) reacting kasugamycin with an acetylating agent to form a crude hexa-acetate intermediate;(b) purifying the crude intermediate to form purified hexa-acetate intermediate;(c) deacetylating the purified intermediate to form D-chiro-inositol; and(d) isolating the D-chiro-inositol.The method permits efficient, large-scale preparation of D-chiro-inositol without the need for extensive chromatographic purification of the final D-chiro-inositol product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the direct hydrogenation of wax esters which comprises contacting and reacting a wax ester with hydrogen under liquid phase hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper compound, a zinc compound, and at least one rare earth compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing vinyl phenols such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). In this new process, p-.alpha.-aminoethylphenol (AEP) is heated under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form the poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS).

Abstract: 1,3-propanediol is prepared in a process comprising the steps of:(a) contacting ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in an essentially non-water-miscible solvent in the presence of an effective amount of a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and an effective amount of a lipophilic arsine at a temperature within the range of about 50 to about 100.degree. C. and a pressure within the range of about 500 to about 5000 psig, under reaction conditions effective to produce an intermediate product mixture comprising less than about 15 wt % 3-hydroxypropanal;(b) adding an aqueous liquid to said intermediate product mixture and extracting into said aqueous liquid at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A propylene stream which contains propane as an impurity is contacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst thereby producing a product stream containing butyraldehyde and/or n-butyl alcohol, unreacted propylene and propane. A gas mixture containing propylene and propane is separated from the product stream and subjected to adsorption at a temperature of 0.degree. to 250.degree. C. in a bed of adsorbent which selectively adsorbs propylene, thereby adsorbing substantially all of the propylene from the gas mixture. The propylene is desorbed from the adsorbent and recycled to the reaction zone. The process is operated on a low per pass conversion with recycle of unreacted propylene. In the system of the invention the propylene adsorption unit may be upstream or downstream of the hydroformylation reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds suitable for use as raw materials which enable cis-olefin compounds useful as physiologically active substances such as the sex pheromones of various insects, or as intermediates for the synthesis thereof to be prepared on an industrial scale at a reasonable cost, and processes for the preparation of cis-olefin compounds by using the same. For this purpose, novel compounds (i.e., 1-halo-cis-3-tetradecenes) of the general formula (I)CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.2 X (I)wherein X is a halogen atom, are used as raw materials for the preparation of cis-olefin compounds.

Abstract: 1,3-propanediol is prepared in a process comprising the steps of:contacting ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in an essentially non-water-miscible solvent in the presence of an effective amount of a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and an effective amount of a lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt at a temperature within the range of about 50.degree. to about 100.degree. C. and a, pressure within the range of about 500 to about 5000 psig, under reaction conditions effective to produce an intermediate product mixture comprising less than 15 wt % 3-hydroxypropanal;adding an aqueous liquid to said intermediate product mixture and extracting into said aqueous liquid at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: 1,3-Propanediol is prepared in a process comprising the steps of:contacting, in an essentially non-water-miscible organic solvent, ethylene oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic amount of a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt compound and an effective amount of a lipophilic quaternary phosphonium salt promoter at a temperature within the range of about 50.degree. to about 100.degree. C. and a pressure within the range of about 500 to about 5000 psig, to produce an intermediate product mixture comprising less than 15 wt % 3-hydroxypropanal;adding an aqueous liquid to said intermediate product mixture and extracting into said aqueous liquid a major portion of the 3-hydroxypropanal at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone starting material with a phenol, unsubstituted in the 4-position, comprises reacting the aldehyde or ketone starting material with the phenol in a reaction mixture in the presence of a soluble or insoluble mercaptosulfonic acid compound under conditions sufficient to bring about formation of a geminal bisphenolic moiety at each aldehyde or ketone moiety in the starting material. A miscible mercaptosulfonic acid compound is characterized by the formula(HS).sub.a -.theta.-(SO.sub.3 H).sub.bor a precursor thereof, wherein .theta. is an alkylene, cycloaliphatic, arylene, alkylenearylene, alkylenecycloaliphatic, alkylenearyl, heterocyclic or alkyleneheterocyclic residue.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby syngas is converted to gasoline via a liquid-phase process producing dimethyl ether as an intermediate.

Abstract: Described are processes for preparing brominated diphenylalkane products which are far whiter than prior known brominated diphenylalkane products. The resultant white brominated diphenylalkane products also form a part of the present invention, as do formulations incorporating the white brominated diphenylalkane products, and articles prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A method for starting a preformer reactor disposed within a hydroformylation system which comprises an oxo reactor, a stripper reactor and a preformer reactor, wherein the bottoms from the stripper reactor comprise at least a water soluble cobaltous salt and wherein the overhead from the stripper reactor comprises entrained volatile cobalt compounds, wherein at least a portion of the entrained volatile cobalt compounds from the stripper reactor are recycled to the preformer reactor to act an initiator in the conversion of the cobaltous salt to cobalt carbonyl.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a formylated aromatic compound comprising contacting an aromatic compound with (i) a halogenated compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, and (ii) a base, is described. The subject process provides an efficient and effective means of preparing formylated compounds which may be useful in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: A process and arrangement for separating and recovering polyol production wastes, including polyol, potassium or sodium phosphate and magnesium silicates, is disclosed. According to the invention, the polyol product waste and caustic salt are combined in a vessel, emulsified and then deemulsified. This causes the contents of the vessel to stratify into three layers. A first stream containing primarily magnesium silicates and a minor amount of caustic salt solution is withdrawn from the vessel and then waterwashed. The water-washed magnesium silicates are then dehydrated and desiccated to obtain commercial grade magnesium silicates. The minor amount of caustic salt solution is dehydrated, crystallized and then desiccated to yield commercial grade anhydrous potassium or sodium phosphate. A second stream containing predominantly polyol oil is withdrawn from the vessel and subsequently filtered and dehydrated to obtain commercial grade polyol.

Abstract: An improved phenol tar cracking process using a rectification column as a hydrocracker obtains an increased yield of valuable products, phenol, cumene and alpha-methylstyrene, by taking from 50 to 100% of the acetophenone in the reactor overhead with the cracked product stream.

Abstract: A process for the separation of ditertiary butyl peroxide form tertiary butanol is provided which includes the step of dehydrating the tertiary butanol to isobutylene and water.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of .gamma.-acetoxytiglic aldehyde ("C.sub.5 -aldehyde"), which is known as an important starting material for the production of vitamin A acetate from a (.beta.-ionylidenethyl)triphenylphosphonium halide and C.sub.5 -aldehyde, comprises treating a pentenyn-3-ol of the formula HC.tbd.C--C(CH.sub.3)(OH)--CH.dbd.C(R).sub.2 (II), wherein both R's signify either hydrogen or methyl, with ozone, preferably in a lower alkanol R.sup.1 OH, wherein R.sup.1 signifies C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, to obtain an aldehyde 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butynal of the formula HC.tbd.C--C(CH.sub.3)(OH)--CHO (III). The aldehyde III may be converted to the C.sub.5 -aldehyde by conventional means.