Abstract: A composition for administration to the nasal mucosa of a subject comprises a solution of nicotine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. The composition has a nicotine concentration less than 10 mg/ml. The composition used alone assists in reduction of the desire of a subject to smoke tobacco. It also reduces the nasal symptoms associated with administration of higher concentrations of nicotine to the nasal mucosa.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and composition for treating skin disorders, skin pathologies and pruritus, which includes applying a compound of formula (I) in a suitable formulation to the affected area.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists are capable of modulating processes mediated by other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, including permissive receptors such as PPARs (e.g., PPAR&agr;, PPAR&dgr; and PPAR&ggr;). Indeed, it has been discovered that RAR antagonists, in combination with agonists for members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, are capable of inducing and/or enhancing processes mediated by such members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using NAALADase inhibitors for treating glutamate-mediated diseases, disorders and conditions selected from the group consisting of anxiety, anxiety disorders and memory impairment.

Abstract: An ophthalmic composition comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a hydrogen, a halogen, a hydroxyl, a lower alkyl or a lower alkoxy, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted aralkyl, or form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted ring, X is a hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally esterified or amidized carboxyl, Y is >C.dbd.O or >CH--OR.sup.5 wherein R.sup.5 is a hydrogen, an acyl or an optionally substituted carbamoyl, m is an integer of from 0 to 2, and n is an integer of from 1 to 6, or a salt thereof, and a method for the treatment of glaucoma, comprising administering said compound or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing metabolic derivatives of terfenadine for the treatment of allergic disorders while avoiding the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with the terfenadine. The metabolic derivatives of terfenadine are also useful for the treatment of retinopathy and other small vessel disorders associated with diabetes mellitus and such other conditions as may be related to the antihistamine activity of terfenadine. For example, the metabolic derivatives of terfenadine are useful for the treatment of asthma, motion sickness, and vertigo, without the concomitant liability of adverse effects associated with terfenadine.

Abstract: A method for decreasing appetite for alcohol in humans which comprises the steps of providing an effective dosage of an alpha-2-adrenergic antagonist to the subject.

Abstract: The present invention is a cyclization process utilizing the catalyst copper aluminum borate which process comprises the step of contacting (1) a compound having a fragment in which a carbon-containing chain of at least three atoms in sequence is bonded at one end thereof to a nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom, and at the opposite end to a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom, where the latter are bonded to at least one hydrogen atom; with (2) a catalyst comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of copper aluminum borate and zero valent copper on a support comprising aluminum borate, under conditions sufficient to effect ring closure between the ends of the fragment to obtain a compound comprising a heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for peroral administration comprising (a) pharmaceutically useful methanediphosphonic acid derivatives, e.g. those of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined in the specification, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, (b) specific macrocyclic polyethers and optionally (c) pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. The pharmaceutical compositions are prepared in a manner known per se. A method of treating hypercalcemia and osteolytic bone metastases with these compositions is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a medication to treat addicts who are addicted to drugs or narcotics (including opium, morphine, heroine, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine, etc.), the preparative method of this medication, as well as the treatment method for the addicts by using this medication. This medication to treat addiction is aconitane deivative having structures of formula I or II, wherein the formula I, R=.alpha.--OCH.sub.3, .beta.--OCH.sub.3 or .alpha.--OH; R.sub.1 =OAcABz, OH, OABz or H; R.sub.2 =H or OH; R.sub.3 =H or OH; R.sub.4 =H or OH; R.sub.5 =H or OH; R.sub.6 =OCH.sub.3, OBz, OAc or OH; wherein the formula II, R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =R.sub.3 =OH.This medication to treat addiction is characterized by no drug-dependence, high cure effect, fast action and low side effect.

Abstract: The treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by the stimulation of endogenous or recombinant expression in vivo of nerve growth factor in the central nervous system by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an .alpha..sub.2 -antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of vasodilator therapy for treating a patient suffering from a condition, comprising long term, continuous administration of an organic nitrite to a patient suffering from the condition in a dosage form capable of delivering a sufficient therapeutic amount of nitrite to the blood stream of the patent thereby providing effective vasodilator therapy for at least 24 hours without development of tolerance in the patient. The method of the invention is useful in treating conditions such as, for example, angina, particularly chronic, stable angina pectoris, ischemic diseases, congestive heart failure, for controlling hypertension and/or impotence in male patients.Any conventional drug delivery system can be employed in carrying out the method of the invention. The drug delivery system can take virtually as many different forms as there are dosage forms available for delivery of nitrite to a patient.

Abstract: A process is provided which is useful in alleviating inflammation of tendons and/or joints in a patient in need of such treatment. The process comprises administering a vasodilator to the inflamed tissue, either topically or by injection. Advantageously, the vasodilator is papaverine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof such as papaverine hydrochloride. Advantageously, the papaverine hydrochloride may be administered topically in a composition comprising a carrier. The carrier dissolves the papaverine hydrochloride and enables it to penetrate the skin and be absorbed into the inflamed tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of renin inhibitors and to renin inhibitor compositions for prevention, treatment, inhibition or reversal of renal dysfunction or disease, especially renal failure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical class of active compounds to be used as efficacious drugs in the treatment of sickle cell disease. The active compounds include imidazole derivatives, nitroimidazole derivatives, and triazole derivatives. These compounds are to be administered by any preferred route of administration including oral, intramuscular, intravenous, and any other parenteral route. If desired, these drugs may also be administered transmucosally, or subcutaneously, or using a dermal patch on the skin. In addition, the methodology is effective for both long term and short term therapy; may be employed prophylactically and/or therapeutically; and may be used in emergency, acute crisis clinical situations.

Abstract: Compounds, which are muscarinic agents, having the formula ##STR1## wherein Am is --N(R).sub.a).sub.2, --N(R.sub.a).sub.3.sup.+ I.sup.-, --N (CH.sub.2).sub.n', or ##STR2## n' is an integer from 2 to 7 and R.sub.a is an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and each R.sub.a may be the same or different wherein the other substituents are defined hereinbelow.

Abstract: A compound of the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently, hydrogen or --CONHSO.sub.2 --Ar; andAr is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinoxalyl, thienyl, thionaphthyl, furyl, benzofuryl, benzodioxyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, or benzodioxolyl; wherein the Ar group may be optionally mono-, di-, or tri-substituted; with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both hydrogen;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which by virtue of its immunosuppressive activity is useful in treating transplantation rejection, host vs. graft disease, autoimmune diseases and diseases of inflammation; by virtue of its antitumor activity is useful in treating solid tumors; and by virtue of its antifungal activity is useful in treating fungal infections.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for protecting the luminal lining against gastric acid challenge are disclosed. The compositions provide effective anti-ulcer preparations which include phosphorylated alcohol. Phosphorylated alcohols comprise the active anti-ulcerogenic ingredient of the described therapeutic formulations. The preparation of unique linear and cyclic polyphosphorylated alcohols and methods of using same to protect the stomach luminal lining against acid challenge are also disclosed. Inositol hexaphosphate and mannitol hexaphosphate are demonstrated to provide therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of gastro-erosive disease precipitated by exposure of biological tissues to highly acidic substances, for example, the gastric digestive acids. While inositol hexaphosphate alone at subthreshold concentrations provides a small gastro-protective activity, a combination of inositol hexaphosphate (at subthreshold concentrations) with polyvalent cations, such as Au.sup.+3 or Bi.sup.

Abstract: A method for treatment of a cardiac dysfunction which comprises administering, to a subject in need of such treatment, a 15-ketoprostaglandin compound in an amount effective in treatment of the cardiac dysfunction.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition useful for treating gastroesophageal reflux comprising oxethazaine and a carrier selected from alginic acid and alginates.