Abstract: A magnetic refrigerator includes independent hot heat exchange unit and cold heat exchange unit wherein separate heat transfer fluids are circulated.

Abstract: A pulse tube cryogenic cooler, includes a cold storage device cartridge whose high temperature end is connected to a pressure change source; a pulse tube whose low temperature end is connected to a low temperature end of the cold storage device cartridge via a stage member; a phase adjusting mechanism connected to a high temperature end of the pulse tube; a flange where the phase adjusting mechanism is provided; and a cold storage device cylinder provided between the flange and the stage member, the cold storage device receiving the cold storage device cartridge.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the liquefaction of natural gas including an improved heavy hydrocarbon removal column with overhead condensing and refluxing. Particularly, a methane-rich stream exiting a propane refrigerant cycle is delivered to a heavies removal column, and the heavies depleted vapor from the column is at least partially condensed and the liquid portion provided as reflux to the heavies removal column.

Abstract: A condensation system is disclosed where a multi-component fluid is condensed to form a condensate, a portion of which is sub-cooled and mixed with non-condensable vapor in the system to reduce the accumulation of non-condensable vapor and to improve the stability and efficiency of the condensation system.

Abstract: A pulse tube cryogenic cooler, includes: a pressure vibration generating device configured to generate pressure vibration in operation gas; a regenerator connected to the pressure vibration generating device; a pulse tube connected to the regenerator; a phase control mechanism connected to the pulse tube; and a heat exchanger provided at an end of the pulse tube; wherein the heat exchanger includes a first laminating part where porous plates having piercing holes and spacers are mutually laminated; and a second laminating part where lower part mesh members are laminated.

Abstract: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) or components thereof are used as working fluids in power generation cycles in a LNG regasification plant. Especially preferred plant configurations will be able to process LNG of different composition while generating on-spec pipeline gas, CNG, LNG vehicle fuel, and LPG.

Abstract: A method and system for the fractionation and removal of nitrous oxide and other volatile halocarbon gas components from waste anesthetic gases using liquid oxygen are disclosed. Liquid oxygen is warmed for use in a healthcare facility by cooling and condensing waste anesthetic gases. A cold trap/fractionator is provided wherein selective components of the waste anesthetic gas are collected as a frost on the coils of the cold trap/fractionator by desublimation/deposition and/or condensation/solidification. In a periodic batch process, the collected frost is first thawed and the melted liquids or gases are then collected at various increasing temperatures, thereby separating the nitrous oxide and other halocarbon gas components by their varying melting points. The thawed anesthetic components are collected in separate tanks based on their melting points. Warmed by the waste anesthetic gases in the cold trap/fractionator, the oxygen is supplied to the healthcare facility for its normal uses.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing liquefied natural gas. A liquefaction plant may be coupled to a source of unpurified natural gas, such as a natural gas pipeline at a pressure letdown station. A portion of the gas is drawn off and split into a process stream and a cooling stream. The cooling stream passes through an expander creating work output. A compressor may be driven by the work output and compresses the process stream. The compressed process stream is cooled, such as by the expanded cooling stream. The cooled, compressed process stream is divided into first and second portions with the first portion being expanded to liquefy the natural gas. A gas-liquid separator separates the vapor from the liquid natural gas. The second portion of the cooled, compressed process stream is also expanded and used to cool the compressed process stream.

Abstract: Cascade-type natural gas liquefaction methods and apparatus are provided, having enhanced thermodynamic efficiencies, through the use of added refrigeration levels in one or both of the ethylene and methane refrigeration systems thereof.

Abstract: A heat pump heat pump system, operating with an R-410A refrigerant, comprised of at least one of an air source heat pump system, a water source heat pump system, and a direct expansion heat pump system, preferably for use in a Deep Well Direct Expansion heat pump system, which incorporates a three-mode receiver and an interior air handler, with at least one fan, with such air handler comprised of a combination of two sets of refrigerant to air heat exchange tubing/interior air heat exchange means, with by-pass lines and solenoid valves to facilitate system operation in the desired operational mode, all enabling optimum system performance in one of the desired heating mode, cooling mode, and dehumidification mode of system operation, as controlled by at least one of a thermostat/humidistat.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a slush fluid wherein a liquid and solid particles are mixed together, comprising product tank (1) for storing the slush fluid (50) in its saturated condition; liquid nitrogen supply nozzle (10) provided at an upper part of the product tank (1); and compressor (15) for evacuating the interior of the product tank, which apparatus is adapted to spray a liquid in microparticulate form through the liquid nitrogen supply nozzle (10) into the product tank evacuated by the compressor (15) and to solidify the liquid particles by evaporative latent heat, thereby forming solid nitrogen (51).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing liquefied natural gas. A liquefaction plant may be coupled to a source of unpurified natural gas, such as a natural gas pipeline at a pressure letdown station. A portion of the gas is drawn off and split into a process stream and a cooling stream. The cooling stream passes through an expander creating work output. A compressor may be driven by the work output and compresses the process stream. The compressed process stream is cooled, such as by the expanded cooling stream. The cooled, compressed process stream is expanded to liquefy the natural gas. A gas-liquid separator separates a vapor from the liquid natural gas. A portion of the liquid gas is used for additional cooling. Gas produced within the system may be recompressed for reintroduction into a receiving line or recirculation within the system for further processing.

Abstract: A motor vehicle operable by a cryogenically stored fuel with a removal device for condensed gas from a tank, particularly from a cryogenic tank. The removal device for the cryogenically stored fuel includes at least one removal pipe having a shut-off valve, which is operated by compressed air.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for surface crust freezing of a food product utilizes a refrigeration shell enclosing a freezing chamber, the freezing chamber having a cavity shaped to substantially accommodate the shape of the exterior surface of the food product; the cavity communicating with the refrigeration shell; a transport substrate to carry the food product into the freezing chamber; a cryogen supply; and a gas circulation device in the refrigeration shell in communication with the cryogen supply to introduce a cooling flow of gas containing cryogen into the cavity so as to contact the food product along its exterior surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the partial or complete separation of a mixture comprising hydrogen chloride and phosgene, possibly solvents and possibly low boilers and inerts as are typically obtained in the preparation of isocyanates by reaction of amines with phosgene, which comprises firstly carrying out a partial or complete condensation of phosgene, then a distillation or stripping step in a column to remove the hydrogen chloride from the bottom product phosgene and subsequently a scrub of the top product hydrogen chloride by means of the process solvent to absorb the phosgene in the process solvent. An after-purification by means of adsorption on activated carbon or by another suitable method can subsequently be carried out to remove solvent residues.

Abstract: Refrigerator including a freezing chamber (1), a refrigerating chamber (2) at a side of the freezing chamber, a barrier (303) between the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber, the barrier having a freezing chamber cold air passage (A) formed therein, a partition plate (7) for compartmentalizing a freezing chamber cold air passage in rear of the freezing chamber where an evaporator (104) is positioned, the evaporator provided in a “” form along the freezing chamber cold air passage (A) and the refrigerating chamber cold air passage (B), a partition wall (9) between the freezing chamber cold air passage and the refrigerating chamber cold air passage, and a fan (305) mounted over the freezing chamber cold air passage and the refrigerating chamber cold air passage for discharging cold air flowing through respective cold air passage (10) to the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber respectively, thereby improving a cooling rate of the refrigerating chamber and providing more efficient refrigerat

Abstract: A compressor system includes a compressor having an inlet, a first conduit fluidly coupled to the inlet, an accumulator fluidly coupled to the inlet by a second conduit, and a first valve disposed in the second conduit that prevents fluid communication between the accumulator and the inlet in a closed state and permits fluid communication between the accumulator and the inlet in an open state.

Abstract: A storage vessel comprises a condenser for condensing boil-off vapor by direct heat exchange with cryogenic liquid feed to the vessel. The condenser comprises a packed arrangement of vapor-liquid contact packing that comprises a top end portion and a bottom end portion. At least said top end portion is open to the vapor space to allow entry of boil-off vapor into the arrangement. The bottom end portion is in fluid flow communication with the lower portion of the storage vessel. One advantage of the invention is that the condenser is open to the vapor space of the storage vessel thereby allowing boil-off vapor to be drawn into the condenser by the condensation action of the vapor.

Abstract: The proposed method and the installation are intended for application in systems of reduction of natural gas from high—e.g. in a borehole or in a main pipeline down to the pressure value required for the consumer. The essence of the proposed method is that in the known method of utilization of natural gas energy in the process of gas pressure drop from increased, e.g. in a gas main pipeline down to the required value by conversion of natural gas expansion energy to mechanical energy with the aid of the gas cooled down in the process of pressure drop as a cooling agent, the innovation is multi-stage gas pressure drop and multi-stage take-off of generated cold. The essence of the proposed method is that a utilization power installation the inlet of which is connected to high pressure gas borehole or main pipeline (3) and the outlet—to low pressure natural gas pipeline or to low pressure natural gas consumer (7, 9), comprises a gas expansion machine (e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of storing hydrogen that employs a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon that can both be used as fuel. In one embodiment, the method involves maintaining a mixture including hydrogen and a hydrocarbon in the solid state at ambient pressure and a temperature in excess of about 10 K.