Abstract: An elongated cryogenic envelope including an outer tube and an inner tube coaxially spaced within said inner tube so that the space therebetween forms a vacuum chamber for holding a vacuum. The inner and outer tubes are provided with means for expanding or contracting during thermal changes. A shield is located in the vacuum chamber intermediate the inner and outer tubes; and, a refrigeration tube for directing refrigeration to the shield is coiled about at least a portion of the inner tube within the vacuum chamber to permit the refrigeration tube to expand or contract along its length during thermal changes within said vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A solenoid control means for controlling the movement of a regenerator-diacer in a cryogenic cooler. The control means comprises sensing and power switching means for activating solenoids that assist in moving or restraining the movement of the regenerator-displacer in synchronism with pressure waves from a compressor.

Abstract: For cooling a load which may be installed for example in an aircraft, and intended to be supplied from a bulk supply of liquid refrigerant, the latter is replaced by a liquid dispenser including a liquefier fed with gaseous refrigerant under pressure. The liquefier acts on the Joule Thomson principle and includes a heat exchanger having two paths through the first of which refrigerant gas from a supply at high pressure flows to an expansion nozzle through which it expands to an intermediate pressure above ambient pressure, causing some of the refrigerant to liquefy in a liquefying chamber while the remainder flows back through the second path of the heat exchanger to cool the incoming refrigerant; and a nozzle forming an outlet from the liquefying chamber and means for connecting a transfer pipe to the outlet.

Abstract: A method of distributing natural gas by pipeline comprising pumping liquefied natural gas (LNG) for a predetermined portion of the desired distance, applying processes in which the refrigeration value of the gas is utilized and the high boiling point components are separated, and then vaporizing the remaining liquid prior to its being further transported by pipeline in the gaseous phase.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for adding controlled quantities of moisture to a body of air, a spray nozzle produces an atomized spray of finely divided water particles and a substantially closed through chamber around the spray nozzle has an air inlet and outlet, a chimney portion extending upwardly from the spray nozzle and a sump portion below the spray nozzle.

Abstract: A technique is described for igniting the oil shale rubble pile in an in situ oil shale retort. A gas-air burner is lowered through a hole to a plenum over the oil shale to be ignited. An excess of air is passed through the hole and around the burner so that it is kept cool as the flame from it impinges on the rubble pile and the air also provides oxygen for combustion of carbonaceous material in the shale. Preferably the burner is in a cylindrical housing having a refractory exit nozzle at its lower end so that a hot flame is ejected downwardly. Air is brought to the inlet of the nozzle through an outer feed tube in the housing and coaxial therewith. Combustible gas is introduced through an inner axial feed tube which terminates short of the inlet end of the nozzle in a mixing chamber. A mixing orifice is provided between the mixing chamber and the nozzle for thorough mixing of the gas and inhibition of travel of the flame back into the burner.

Abstract: Cadmium stannate has been found to be useful as a window for solar heat absorbing systems in which advantage is taken of the unique optical properties of cadmium stannate. When cadmium stannate is in an electrically conductive state, having a conductivity of greater than 10.sup.3 ohm.sup..sup.-1 cm.sup..sup.-1, it becomes transparent to solar radiation and reflective of thermal infrared radiation. This enables the cadmium stannate to function as a window which allows passage of solar radiation through it and incident onto a black body, and at the same time serve as a reflector of thermal infrared radiation emitted from said body. This results in more efficient solar heat transfer to the solar heat collector provided with such a window.

Abstract: Rotary cooling and heating apparatus comprising a rotary housing containing a refrigerant compressor, a refrigerant expander rotatable with the housing and an external refrigerant condenser and evaporator. The components are disposed on a common axis for coaxial rotation together as a unit, and rotary power means rotationally drives the compressor and the housing-condenser-evaporator unit at predetermined different speeds. The refrigerant expander is completely self-regulating and is constructed to operate in a highly stable manner essentially adiabatically with no nucleate boiling of the refrigerant in the expander.

Abstract: A reduction of first cost and an increase in solar heat collection efficiency are primary considerations. Heat absorbing liquid is confined to a narrow unobstructed path, with wide flairing wings exposed directly to the sun. The need for painted heat absorbing surfaces is largely eliminated. Transparent or translucent cover is easily removable and replaceable.

Abstract: Liquid natural gas is stored in a rock chamber. Some liquid gas is vaporized because of the natural heat flow from the surrounding rock. Said gas is conveyed to a second rock chamber serving as a buffer store. Some gas leaks out through cracks in the rock. Said leaking gas is collected in channels provided in the rock around the rock chamber, and is also conveyed to the buffer store. Gas is supplied to the consumers from the buffer store.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing superheated gaseous fluid from a low temperature liquid supply wherein the liquid is provided to a closed chamber containing a heat transfer fluid to be in thermal transfer association with a vapor phase thereof. Heat is supplied to a liquid phase of the heat transfer fluid in the chamber to provide a continuous cycle of vaporization and condensation of the heat transfer fluid. A plurality of different heat sources may be provided for heating the heat transfer fluid, and one or more separate chambers may be utilized for heating the fluid.

Abstract: Process for filling multilayer pressure containers with cold liquids below -10.degree.C. comprises steps of cooling container from outside thereof inwardly to temperature that approximately corresponds to temperature of liquid to be filled. After such cooling the cold liquid is filled into the container. Multilayer pressure container has plurality of individual shells adjacent one another and cooling chamber surrounds shells.

Abstract: An exhaust fume treatment apparatus for removing suspended or entrained material from a gas including a substantially cylindrical housing having a peripheral wall and inlet and outlet openings in opposite end walls. A slinger wheel is rotatable within the housing and has circumferentially spaced, nonoverloading blades. A blower has its inlet connected to the outlet of the housing. Polluted fumes are drawn into the housing by the blower and pass outwardly through the slinger blades whereby the materials in the gas are deposited on, and thrown substantially radially outwardly by the blades, toward the peripheral wall of the housing for collection. A two stage gas deflector within the slinger wheel spreads the flow of gas more uniformly over the slinger wheel blades. A cylindrical screen encircles the slinger wheel and has plural openings angled toward the housing inlet end.

Abstract: A dewar vessel adapted to have fluid pumped therefrom to reduce its internal pressure and temperature has a porous plate located in the path of the pumped fluid. For a given fluid pressure and viscosity, the pores are sized to provide a sufficiently low pressure drop across the plate while still providing a sufficiently large surface area for the transfer of heat between the vessel and the pumped fluid. A sheet-like liquid-retaining collar extends from the interior wall of the dewar container toward the center thereof so that the container liquid is restrained from moving along the container's inner wall when the container is tilted.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of preserving extracted teeth with attached live root membrane. After treating the teeth in order to eliminate bacteria and fungi in a nutrient solution to preserve the viability of the root membrane cells the teeth are subjected to a freezing process in two stages and in the presence of a similar nutrient fluid, the temperature being lowered slowly in the first stage to a value between -20.degree. and -50.degree.C and rapidly in the second stage to a value below -50.degree.C, preferably below -150.degree.C.

Abstract: A cryostat system for cooling a device to a temperature on the order of 2.degree.K or less includes a dewar, in which helium, in other than the superfluid state, is stored. Helium flows from the dewar through a heat exchanger tube and a restrictor tube, which controls the helium flow rate, into the cavity of a heat exchanger, to whose outer wall the device to be cooled is attached. A pressure regulator valve controls the pressure in the cavity to be very low, e.g., on the order of 30 Torr. As the helium exits the restrictor tube into the cavity, due to low pressure cavity, it becomes an aerosol mixture of helium gas and superfluid helium droplets at the desired temperature. The latter form a thin layer or film of superfluid helium on the inner side of the heat exchanger wall and thereby cool the device, which is attached to the wall to the desired temperature.

Abstract: A method and assembly for air conditioning a motor home vehicle or the like employing a heat transfer medium and cooling both the front passenger area and the rear living area using a single compressor source. The assembly having a compressor driven either by the vehicle's engine or a compressor driven by an electric drive motor, a first and second condenser mounted on the roof of the vehicle, a first, second and third evaporator mounted to a first, second and third blower, the first evaporator and first blower mounted under the dash of the vehicle and the second and third evaporators and second and third blowers mounted on the roof of the vehicle.

Abstract: A cable is mounted on a winding drum coupled with the output shaft of a reversible motor which is caused to rotate by control means when an operating parameter of the vehicle exceeds or goes below a predetermined value. The cable is kept taut and its free end is connected by resilient means to a mobile member which is connected to the accelerator control linkage.

Abstract: An I.Q.F. system for deep freezing of food articles and the like employing a deep bed fluidization second stage freezer and an article conditioning first or input stage wherein the initially moist unrefrigerated articles massed in a relatively thin deposit are subjected to through-flow of subfreezing gas, preferably under fluidization conditions, for a predetermined period which removes substantially all of the sensible heat above freezing without removing the latent heat from the articles, whereupon, articles thus in condition compatible for deep bed fluidization freezing in the second stage are delivered from the first to the second stage.

Abstract: In controlling a volatile substance, for example in controlling the release of ethylene oxide for use in a sterilization apparatus, the volatile substance is contained under pressure in a confined system and the latter is immersed in a fluid. The fluid is capable of absorbing the volatile substance such that if any of the volatile substance leaks from the confined systems into the immersion fluid, physicochemical changes will occur in the immersion fluid. These physicochemical changes may be sensed by various detecting devices which thereby serve to detect leaks of volatile substance from the confined system. The immersion fluid may be used as a heat transfer medium in heat exchange relationship with the confined system and desired associated control elements such as a pressure regulator to thereby prevent undesirable condensation of the volatile substance.