Abstract: The invention relates to the use of one or more &agr;-keto carboxylic acid esters and/or aldehyde carboxylic acid esters for stabilizing hydrogen peroxide during enzyme-catalyzed or metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions in organic synthesis, as well as for stabilizing hydrogen peroxide or aqueous or organic hydrogen peroxide solutions during production, storage and transport.

Abstract: A process for the concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide by discontinuous crystallization. A cooling surface is arranged in a crystallizing vessel and first wetted with hydrogen peroxide and then cooled at a high cooling rate, whereupon seed crystals form. The cooling rate is at least 1 K/s, preferably from 10 to 30 K/s. When the vessel has been filled with H2O2 starting material, the latter crystallizes, starting from the seed crystals, and forms a crystal layer. When the mother liquor of lower H2O2 concentration has been discharged, there follows a sweating operation with a slow increase in temperature, as a result of which the H2O2 concentration in the crystal layer is increased further.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reactivating a catalyst for methacrylic acid production, which catalyst is used in production of methacrylic acid through vapor-phase oxidation of methacrolein or vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid, contains P and Mo, and exhibits reduced activity. The process comprises treating the catalyst, whose activity level has dropped (deteriorated catalyst), with a gas containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (e.g., pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline).

Abstract: A catalyst and process for converting carbon dioxide into oxygenates. The catalyst comprises copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, and a solid acid.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.