Abstract: In a liquid crystal display having an upper substrate and a lower substrate opposite thereto, a liquid crystal molecules interposed therebetween, a gate bus and data bus line arranged in a first direction and the second direction respectively on the lower substrate, thus defining a space for an unit cell of the liquid crystal display, a channel layer at the intersection of the gate bus line and the data bus line, a counter electrode and a pixel electrode for operating the liquid crystal molecules disposed at unit cell and an insulating layer for isolating the gate bus line from the data bus line, the part of the counter electrode and the part of the pixel electrode by which the electric field parallel to the gate bus line are located in the space for unit cell and has sectional view of a substantial triangle shape.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device including a first insulating substrate having: a) a buffer layer formed on the first substrate; b) an inter-layer insulating film formed on the buffer layer, the inter-layer insulating film having an etching portion, the etching portion is etched; c) a semiconductor island formed on a portion of the buffer layer corresponding to the etching portion; d) data lines formed on the semiconductor island; e) gate lines arranged in a direction perpendicular to the data lines; f) switching elements arranged near cross points of the gate and data lines, each of the switching element having a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode, the gate electrode extending from the gate line, the source electrode extending from the data line; and g) pixel electrodes formed on a region defined by the gate and data lines, the pixel electrode connecting with the drain electrode, the pixel electrode overlapping an end portion of the data line, the adjacent

Abstract: A simple method for preventing oxidization of an aluminum surface of terminal electrode, increase of pressure contact resistance, unstability and reduction of connection reliability is provided. In a terminal electrode part on a reactive matrix substrate, for being connected to an external drive circuit, connecting electrodes are formed by using aluminum or an aluminum alloy, at least their surfaces connected to TCP are covered with an insulating film of aluminum oxide or consisting of a laminate film of aluminum oxide aluminum hydroxide, and the insulating film is selectively removed in a step subsequent to the final step in a cell formation process. In this way, adverse effects of the heat treatment processes such as the annealing in the array formation process and the orientation film sintering of the cell formation process and the oxidization of the connecting electrode surface in the washing.

Abstract: A conductive adhesive which can withstand exposure to high temperature during a solder reflow process comprises an adhesive resin and a plurality of conductive particles mixed in the adhesive resin. The conductive particles each include a core formed of a synthetic resin and a conductive material coated around the core. The cores are each formed of a material having a thermal deformation temperature higher than that of the adhesive resin, and more preferably formed of a material having a thermal deformation temperature (18.6 kg/cm2) higher than 120° C. as measured according to the measuring method defined in the ASTM standard D648, and still more preferably formed of a material selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyacetal, and polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A press plate has a frame portion in contact with the top surface of a liquid crystal display panel, a plurality of legs having engagement hook at the distal end thereof, and a first rib and rubber connector holding portions which hold a rubber connector therebetween in contact with the back surface of the frame portion. When the respective legs are inserted into fixing holes in a circuit board while the liquid crystal display panel is in contact with the back face of the frame portion and the rubber connector is inserted between a first rib and the rubber connector holding portions, the engagement hooks are caught by the fixing holes in the circuit board while the rubber connector is collapsed. Thereby, the liquid crystal display panel is fixed to the circuit board, by which the falling and shift of position of the rubber connector can be prevented.

Abstract: Apparatus are disclosed for Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) assemblies having a display device that is attached to a support substrate. The display device includes a die having a pixel array, and a transparent plate positioned over the die. An adhesive seal couples the die to the transparent plate. The seal together with the transparent plate and the die cooperate to define a sealed volume therebetween encompassing the pixel array. A liquid crystal material is disposed within the sealed volume. A support substrate is coupled to the transparent plate for support of the display device such that the die is substantially insulated from transmission of residual stresses induced by or acting upon the support substrate. Methods of reducing residual stresses in LCD assemblies are also provided.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal-based electro-optic modulator with a twist angle between 0° and 90°, and preferably between 50° and 80° is provided. The modulator provides a relatively rapid switching time such as less than about 50 milliseconds, and provides relatively large extinction ratios, such as greater than −25 dB. Preferably the liquid crystal entrance director differs from the polarization direction by a beta angle of about 15°.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display having a picture element electrode formed on the uppermost layer of a structure is capable of reducing connection resistance between picture element electrode and drain electrode through interlayer insulating film. At the time of forming the picture element electrode, ITO film can be patterned into a desirable pattern without short circuit between assembled terminals in one etching process. In the process of forming a contact hole 112 for connecting the picture element electrode 113 and the drain electrode 108 on the interlayer insulating film 111 and on the passivation film 110, a dry etching condition is established so that after the ashing process using O2 gas to remove residue on the bottom of the contact hole 112, an etching process using fluorine gas +O2 gas etc. is performed to reduce irregularity on the surface of the interlayer insulating film 111.

Abstract: An LCD handler is disclosed. The LCD handler includes a body having a test site for testing an LCD panel and feeding/recovering sites on both sides of the test site for feeding and recovering the LCD panel. It also includes a pre-aligner in the body for mechanically aligning the LCD panel and feeding the aligned LCD panel to the feeding/recovering site. The handler also includes a carrier for carrying the LCD panel fed to the feeding/recovering site by the pre-aligner to the test site, and a driving mechanism for moving the carrier in a lateral direction of the body.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal molecule. The liquid crystal molecule has a long axis, a short axis perpendicular to the long axis, a spontaneous polarization Ps along the short axis, a first permittivity &egr;// along the long molecular axis, and a second permittivity &egr;⊥ along the short axis. Here, the second permittivity &egr;⊥ is derived from polarizations other than the spontaneous polarization Ps. When a permittivity anisotropy &Dgr;&egr; defined as &Dgr;&egr;=&egr;//−&egr;⊥, it holds &Dgr;&egr;<0. An orientation of the liquid crystal molecule is determined by an effective electric field which is a sum of an exterior electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer and a depolarization field generated by the spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display device in accordance with the present invention includes a reflector film having excellent polarization preservation properties and an anisotropic diffusing film for diffusing only the light polarized in a particular direction. The anisotropic diffusing film is composed of a complex of liquid crystal and a polymer and selectively diffuses incident light. If a liquid crystal layer composed of dichroic dye and liquid crystal is employed, it becomes possible to carry out high contrast display with the anisotropic diffusing film and the reflector film and to prevent reflections of nearby objects appearing on the screen.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed, comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal layer which has an intrinsic helical pitch of approximately twice as large as a thickness of the liquid crystal layer and also has a bistable character capable of switching by an application of voltage, and further provided with at least one birefringent medium layer between a polarizer and a substrate. This construction of the liquid crystal display device results in a reduction of birefringent effects, whereby achieving a high contrast, satisfactory color purity, and other display characteristics such as a higher duty ratio operation and faster time response, suitable for displaying a large volume of information data.

Abstract: A beam polarizer device for splitting an unpolarized beam of incident radiation into first and second beams of different polarizations. The beam polarizer comprises a birefringent cell interposed between a pair of parallel sides of first and second prisms made of an optically transparent material. The birefringent cell is formed of an oriented organic material having a desired orientation of its optical axis relative to the sides of the prisms enclosing the birefringent cell therebetween. The organic material has substantially different refraction indices n1 and n2 for light components of, respectively, two different orientations of electric fields relative to the direction of propagation of a beam impinging onto the birefringent cell while propagating inside the first prism. The optically transparent material has a refraction index n3 which is substantially equal to the greatest one between the refraction indices n1 and n2.

Abstract: A timepiece according to the invention is provided with a liquid crystal display panel capable of displaying at least either of time information or calendar information, and the liquid crystal display panel comprises a liquid crystal cell with liquid crystals sealed thereinbetween, sandwiched between two transparent substrates having an electrode on each of inner surfaces thereof facing each other, polarizing sheets disposed on the external surface of the respective substrates, and a light absorption film disposed on the side of one of the polarizing sheets opposite from the liquid crystal cell. For each of the polarizing sheets, a sheet reflecting the light linearly polarized in the direction orthogonal to the transmission axis thereof is used so that either of a background or a display segment is displayed in a metallic color while the other is displayed in the color of the light absorption film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflective liquid crystal display having high transmittance and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A projection display device is provided which includes a border structure comprising a dam around the active display area of the device which both shields any underlying drive circuitry from the incidental light by reflecting this light-while passively controlling its birefringence such that this region appears dark to the viewer when no drive voltages are being applied. Preferably, the dam is positioned between the glue seal and the active region, the thickness of the dam being such as to allow a thin layer of LC material on top of the dam for compensated LC effects and in such case, the border structure between the glue seal and the active region is also effective to keep the glue from seeping into the active region when the seal line is squeezed during assembly. With a high birefringence material and an external compensation foil, a high degree of light extinction is achieved over the border. Also, formation of the border on the active plate means that no critical alignment of the passive plate is needed.

Abstract: A color filter frame, which covers a non-display surface of an optical display section, is provided with frame color filter picture elements using at least two of three colors used for color filter picture elements, which correspond to displaying pixels. An area ratio of the frame color filter picture elements corresponding to different colors is set so as to be different from that of the color filter picture elements, which correspond to the colors used in the frame color filter picture elements. With this arrangement, it is possible to omit the step of manufacturing a black mask so as to reduce the cost; consequently, a color filter for an optical display device can be provided with an excellent appearance on a display.

Abstract: A display unit which allows stereoscopic images to be displayed on a direct-vision liquid crystal panel is provided. The display unit has the formation in which liquid crystal is sandwiched in a gap between a pair of glass substrates. When linearly polarized lights whose polarizing directions are differentiated by 90° from each other by a &pgr; cell are input alternately to the liquid crystal, images to be displayed turn out as two images whose polarizing directions differ by 90° from each other and which are displayed in a time-division manner. The images may be perceived as a stereoscopic image by viewing them by glasses having polarizing directions different by 90° for right and left eyes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device effectively absorbs static electricity which enters from outside, and prevents damage to switching elements or the like. In the liquid crystal display device, an active matrix substrate has a plurality of scanning signal lines for applying driving signals to a plurality of switching elements for selecting pixels formed in a display area, a plurality of video signal lines, pixel electrodes and common electrode connecting terminals, and the active matrix substrate is bonded to a color filter substrate having common electrodes which constitute the pixels, with a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrates. The common electrode connecting terminals and the common electrodes are connected to each other via a conductive layer, and the periphery of the display area is secured with a sealing material clamped therein.

Abstract: A retardation film type guest host liquid crystal display is arranged to reduce coloring in dark representation and to be energy-effective. The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal layer containing a given amount of dichroic dye and having a twist alignment, a reflective plate, and a phase plate located between the liquid crystal layer and the reflective plate. The phase plate has a slow axis set at 45 degrees against the alignment direction of the liquid crystal and a retardation set at a half of a phase difference between an ordinary ray before reflection by said reflective plate and an extraordinary ray after reflection.