Abstract: A metal surface is passivated, or rendered resistant to corrosion, by a dense, intimately adherent overlayer of an insoluble, non-reactive compound comprised of an organic compound complexed with the surface layer of metal of the underlying substrate. The overlayer is formed by first forming a thin oxide layer on the substrate, such as by anodization, and then treating the substrate by anodically depositing and concurrently reacting the complex-forming organic compound. Preferably, the substrate is steel, the anodization and treating baths are borate solutions, and the organic compound is 8-hydroxyquinoline.

Abstract: The system for rotating the transfer plate of a coating system in a vacuum chamber consists of a transfer plate driver assembly on the outside of the chamber at the axis and a transfer plate rotator assembly inside the chamber. The driver assembly consists of a pneumatic actuator for linear motion, a barrel cam which translates the linear motion into rotary motion with high torque at starting and stopping positions, and a rotary feedthrough all in a structural housing. The rotator assembly comprises a central hub with means for supporting the end walls, a transfer plate hub assembly and a ratchet arm connected to the rotary feedthrough. As the pressure plate assembly is drawn back by the ram, it in turn draws back the transfer plate and engages the ratchet arm with the transfer plate hub. The actuator then rotates the transfer plate. The ram then reverses direction, the ratchet arm disengages and is returned to its initial position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for changing rotatable magnetron sputtering targets is disclosed in which the new target is contained within one of a pair of holding chambers which can be alternately moved into alignment with the axis of the target contained in the sputtering chamber. The empty receiving chamber is aligned with the target to be removed and the target is withdrawn into the receiving chamber after both holding or receiving chambers have been pumped down to a vacuum near that of the sputtering chamber. With the old target in one of the chambers, both chambers are shifted to place the receiving chamber with the new target into position in alignment with the axis of the sputtering chamber. The new target is inserted into the sputtering chamber from the holding chamber without loss of vacuum in the sputtering chamber so that sputtering can be resumed without being contaminated by changing targets.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for electroplating a steel strip by arranging a plurality of electrode rows each consisting of a plurality of electrodes disposed adjacent to each other along the direction of width of said steel strip in opposition to said strip travelling in an electrolytic cell holding an electrolytic solution, so that a metal constituting said electrodes may be electroplated on said steel strip, comprising the steps of intermittently or continuously transferring said electrodes of said electrode rows in a direction perpendicularly to the direction of travel of said steel strip at a speed so that a distribution of a deposition amount of the metal of said electrodes along the direction of width of said steel strip may be kept within an allowable tolerance, a width of said electrode rows being greater than the width of said steel strip; and unloading said electrode from one end of one of said electrode rows transferred by said transferring step and loading said electrode to the other end of said one ele

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oils are processed by hydrotreatment over a sepiolite supported metal catalyst, described fuller in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,250, whereby metallic impurities are removed from the oil and its asphaltene content is decreased, and the hydrotreated oil is solvent deasphalted using a propane, butane, pentane, hexane or heptane solvent or mixtures of these to give a deasphalted oil suitable for further treatment, e.g. hydrodesulphurization, and an asphaltic residue.

Abstract: An improved adsorptive separation process by the selective sorption properties of certain members of a novel class of zeolites is provided. The zeolites are characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a Constraint Index within the approximate range of greater than 2 to about 12. The process of this invention involves selective separation of aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of mono-substituted and para-disubstituted benzene ring compounds and mono-substituted pyridine ring compounds in admixture with aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of ortho-disubstituted, meta-disubstituted and more highly substituted benzene ring compounds and poly-substituted pyridine ring compounds by contacting the mixture with said zeolite to effect the selective sorption of said aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of mono-substituted and para-disubstituted benzene ring compounds and mono-substituted pyridine ring compounds by said zeolite.

Abstract: Pretreatment baths for silver plating are proposed which include dithiocarbamic acids or their salts and/or thiosemicarbazides or their salts. They are effective in preventing the immersion plating in the subsequent silver plating.

Abstract: An arc plasma generator comprises a consumable cathode, a cylindrical anode, and a focusing solenoid arranged coaxially with the consumable cathode. A power unit for maintaining the arc is electrically connected to the consumable cathode and the anode. In accordance with the invention the arc plasma generator further comprises a tubular plasma guide connected to an end face of the anode and an electromagnet. The electromagnet is arranged in the tubular plasma guide on the axis thereof and is enclosed in a housing made of a nonmagnetic material and having a cross-sectional area sufficient to conceal the cathode from the viewer's sight, looking in the direction of the cathode through the plasma guide. Also, the focusing solenoid is arranged on the tubular plasma guide and is connected in opposition with the coil of the electromagnet. A plasma arc apparatus for treating the surfaces of work-pieces comprises an arc plasma generator of the invention and an assembly for holding the work-piece to be treated.

Abstract: A process for the production of full color, partial colored or two colored pictures, scenes, words, etc., on articles of aluminum or aluminum alloys. The process involves first forming a hard, dense, non-colored anodic coating of between about 0.4 mils and 1.0 mils on aluminum or aluminum base alloys by anodizing the aluminum in an acidic aqueous electrolyte comprising sulfuric acid, a polyhydric alcohol of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an organic carboxylic acid containing at least one reactive group in the alpha position; and coloring the coating by intimately contacting the unsealed coating with a paper containing a dye or dyes capable of subliming and then heating the surfaces causing the dye to sublime and transfer to the unsealed anodic film.

Abstract: A process for multi-solvent extraction is provided wherein polarity gradients induced by distillation are utilized for the extraction of petroleum residua and other heavy oils whereby a high quality maltenic fraction and a lower quality asphaltenic fraction are obtained.

Abstract: An improved adsorptive separation process by the selective sorption properties of certain members of a novel class of zeolites is provided. The novel class of zeolites is characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a Constraint Index within the approximate range of greater than 2 to about 12. The process of this invention involves selective separation of waxy paraffinic compounds in admixture with stocks containing paraffinic compounds, e.g. crude oils, heavy oils, distillate oils and lube base oils, by contacting the mixture with a zeolite having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 mole ratio of at least about 12 and a Constraint Index within the range of greater than 2 to about 12 to effect the selective sorption of said waxy paraffinic compounds by said zeolite.

Abstract: Tinplate container with externally welded seam is formed of electrolytic unreflowed tinplate with external tin coating of low coating mass (less than 2 g/m.sup.2); the solderability of such tinplate being comparable with conventional reflowed tinplate of much higher coating mass. The unreflowed tinplate of low coating mass may be produced by Halogen electrotinning process in which ratio of fluoride ions to stannous tin ions in the rinsing section is maintained at unprecedented high level (not less than 10:1), the pH of the rinsing agent is maintained at less than 4 and the current density of the electrodeposition current is in the range 600 to 1,600 amperes per square meter of strip steel.

Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon separation process by the selective sorption properties of certain members of a novel class of zeolites is provided. The novel class of zeolites is characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio greater than 12 and a Constraint Index within the approximate range of greater than about 2 to about 12. The process of this invention involves selective separation of higher molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds in admixture with lower molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds within a homolgous series by contacting the respective mixture with a zeolite having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 mole ratio of at least about 12 and a Constraint Index with the approximate range of greater than 2 to about 12, to effect the selective sorption of said higher molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds by said zeolite.

Abstract: The treater is provided with oppositely charged electrodes which cause liquid passing through the treater to be exposed to an electric field. At least one of the electrodes includes a distribution of sharp projections which protrude outwardly therefrom toward the opposite electrode. Such projections are all provided with outermost, conical tips that serve to inject charge carriers into the liquid at an accelerated rate if the treater is electrolytic in nature and serve to focus or concentrate the electric field if the treater is electrostatic in nature as a result of the two electrodes of the treater being electrically insulated from one another across the liquid being treated. A number of treater variations are provided, including flat plate-type electrodes and cylindrical versions of the unit.

Abstract: Materials comprising aluminum having a purity of 99.92% by weight or more as a substrate and a porous anodic oxide film of 3.mu. or less in thickness formed on the surface of the substrate and metal particles electrochemically filled in the micropores of the anodic oxide film are used herein to selectively absorb solar energy. This solar energy absorbing characteristic is due to the fact that such materials have a large absorptivity in the visible and near the infrared range and have little emissivity in the infrared range. Such materials are produced by subjecting aluminum having a purity of 99.92% by weight or more to anodic oxidation, and then optionally to anodic electrolysis or alternating current electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid, followed by electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing a metallic salt.

Abstract: Passivation of a mercury cadmium telluride surface is done by using square ave direct current, with the positive portion of the wave larger than the negative part.

Abstract: Electric humidity detecting sensing element on the basis of a layer of porous aluminum oxide, treated by sealing in boiling water, passivation and tempering at 70.degree. to 110.degree. C., achieving thereby a substantial reduction of subsequent variations of calibrating curves. The time of tempering may range from 2 to 24 hours. A preferred average time of tempering is 8 hours, with a practical upper limit of 12 hours.

Abstract: An improved process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oils, wherein said waxy oil is cooled in an indirect chilling zone to a temperature greater than the wax separation temperature whereby wax is precipitated to form a wax-oil-solvent slurry, cooling the slurry to the wax separation temperature in an indirect chilling zone thereby precipitating a further portion of wax from said waxy oil and separating said precipitated wax from the wax-oil-solvent slurry in solid-liquid separation means, the improvement comprising using as the indirect chilling zone an indirect heat exchanger means operated at a high level of agitation. Expressed in terms of Impeller Reynolds Number the agitation is on the order of about 1,000 to 1,000,000.Alternatively, the direct chilling zone is totally replaced by the high agitation indirect heat exchanger means.

Abstract: During production of tin plate on an electrolytic tinning line the tin plated strip is immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium dichromate and thereafter the tin plate surface is oiled with acetyl tributyl citrate. A tin plate surface is thereby provided which can be satisfactorily decorated with ultraviolet-cured direct printed inks.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a solar selective coating on aluminum comprises a preliminary treatment such as an etch or brightening followed by anodizing in phosphoric acid at a constant voltage of from 10-20 volts for a time period sufficient to provide a total current of from 90-175 coulombs per square decimeter of aluminum surface. Prior to sealing, the resultant anodized surface is subjected to a constant AC voltage coloring treatment in a concentrated metal sulfate solution containing at least 85 grams per liter of metal sulfates.