Abstract: Provided is an electronic keyboard, which has a sequentially variable operating terminal, that comprises: a detector for detecting an operational displacement of the sequentially variable operating terminal, a linear converter for converting into a linear value the operational displacement of the sequentially variable operating terminal that is detected by the detector, a linear conversion table that is to be referred to when the linear converter converts the operational displacement into the linear value, a bender MIDI converter for converting into a bender MIDI value the linear value that is obtained by the linear converter, and a bender MIDI conversion table that is to be referred to when the bender MIDI converter converts the linear value into the bender MIDI value; and wherein the bender MIDI converter refers to the bender MIDI conversion table to convert the operational displacement of the sequentially variable operating terminal into a discrete bender MIDI value.

Abstract: A machining program execution method for an NC device, in which parameter values are automatically modified in accordance with the machining types in continuously executing machining operations of different machining types, such as rough machining, intermediate finish machining, finish machining, etc., by the NC device. A memory in the NC device is previously stored with the parameters to be modified in accordance with the machining types and the parameter values for each machining type, and machining programs and machining types are associated with each other and inputted to the NC device. At the start of execution of the individual machining programs, the machining types of the machining programs as objects of execution are discriminated by the designation of the machining type for the machining program and the parameter values are automatically modified in accordance with the machining type of the machining program.

Abstract: A control circuit for a stepping motor (20) comprises a transistorised drive circuit (122) having a plurality of switching positions in each of which the drive circuit (122) is arranged to supply current to selected windings of the stepping motor in selected directions. A sequencer (130) is arranged to apply control signals to the drive circuit (122) to change the switching positions in sequence. An encoder (128) provides a train of pulses representative of the speed and position of the motor (120). An excitation controller (134) is arranged to receive the encoder pulses and to generate in response thereto change excitation signals for causing change of the switching positions, and change direction signals for determining the direction in which the sequence of switching positions is changed.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for treatment of an analog electric signal, in particular the image signal of bar codes, for obtaining a parametrable binary signal, the process comprising storing certain non-linear filtering parameters (MP) and, after having converted the analog signal into a digital signal (CAN), detecting sequentially the successive extremums of said digital signal (PIC) by an iterative treatment while considering said parameters, and then carrying out in each sequence a sigmentation treatment (BIN) by the detection of each extremum, for extracting and storing (RAM) the length of the representative segments of the succession of extremums.

Abstract: Circuit breakers can be used to replace fuses in plant comprising centrifuge machines driven by small three-phase electric motors. The circuit breakers incorporate three bi-metal strips which bend due to the heat produced by current flow. Loss of current in one phase results in unequal bending of these trips. In one arrangement, a light-emitting diode 5 fitted to a first strip 2 produced light to pass through an aperture 8 in a plate 7 on the second strip 3 to fall on a photo-sensitive detector 6 on the third strip 4. Any unequal bending causes the light to be cut-off and the resulting signal can be used to trip the circuit breaker. In some cases the strips are the strips in the circuit breaker.

Abstract: Data is stored on a prewritten optical data storage medium along a track made up of adjacent elements. A scanning light spot focussed on the medium has to be able to access any element to write, read or modify data there. Prewritten patterns on the medium define a radial graduation scale that is analysed by an optical scaning device using a sampling technique to determine the absolute position of the scanning light spot relative to the track elements, the only material representation of which may be discrete prewritten elements. The technology is particularly applicable to very high density optical memories using a prewritten disk written by thermo-optical interaction with an intensity modulated laser beam.

Abstract: The same analog signal is inputted to an 8-bit AD converter and to a 4-bit AD converter to obtain an 8-bit digital data and a 4-bit digital data for the same sample value of the analog signal. Values of the 8-bit digital data and 4-bit digital data are compared with each other. The 8-bit digital data is outputted as a digital signal for the sample value of the analog signal when a difference between these values is not greater than one-half the quantity that corresponds to the least significant bit of the 4-bit digital data, and the 4-bit digital data is outputted as a digital signal for the sample value of the analog signal in other cases. There is realized AD conversion which operates apparently at high speeds maintaining high accuracy.