Abstract: A solution of a halogenated hydrocarbon when added in amounts of from about 1 to 2 parts per thousand to hydrocarbon fuels improves combustion and increases fuel efficiency. The presence of a small amount of a hydroperoxide in combination with the halogenated hydrocarbon improves the starting characteristics of diesel fuel and further improves combustion efficiency.

Abstract: 1-Isocyanato-anthraquinones, which are valuable dyestuff intermediate products, are obtained in good yields when 1-amino-anthraquinones are introduced into phosgene or a solution of phosgene at -10.degree. to 50.degree. C., the reaction mixture is heated to 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. while passing phosgene through it and phosgene and hydrogen chloride are then expelled from the reaction mixture with an inert medium which is gaseous under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Condensation products made by reacting an .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl hydroxy-aromatic compound also having at least one non-fused hydrocarbyl substituent with at least one olefinic nitrile, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative are useful as additives for fuels and lubricants. The total number of carbon atoms in the non-fused hydrocarbyl substituents is at least about 7 while the .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl group contains from 1 to about 36 carbons and the olefinic acid or nitrile reactant usually contains 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. Products made from hydroxymethyl alkyl-substituted phenols and .alpha.,.beta.-olefinic acid derivatives such as maleic anhydride are particularly useful. Similarly useful post-treated products can be made from these condensation products by further reaction with alcohols, amines, metal salts or metals.

Abstract: Dyestuffs of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 which are the same or different each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cyanethyl group, one of the substituents R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 represents the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and the other substituent represents an alkyl group or the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, the ring A is unsubstituted by or substituted by one or 2 chlorine atoms or an alkoxy or alkyl group, the rings B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are each unsubstituted or substituted by at least one alkyl or alkoxy group and X represents a colorless monovalent anion; process for the preparation of such dyestuffs; process for the coloration with such dyestuffs based on a polymer or copolymer of acrylic nitrile or on polyamides or polyesters which have been modified by anionic groups; and fibres based on a polymer or copolymer of acrylic nitrile or on polyamides or polyesters which have been modified by anionic groups colored by means of such dyestuffs.

Abstract: An additive for inhibiting sedimentation and retarding degradation of hydrocarbon oils as evidenced by discoloration comprises the reaction product of an alkoxyalkylamine with an epihalohydrin at a temperature from about 40.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. in the presence of an inorganic base.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions suitable for use in marine diesel engines comprise 60 to 85 parts by weight of lubricating oil, 15 to 30 parts by weight of a mixture of more than 50 wt .% of a Group IIa metal overbased detergent and up to 50 wt .% of a Group Ia metal overbased detergent and 0.2 to 5 parts by weight of an antioxidant, provided the weight ratio of the overbased detergent mixture to antioxidant lies between 7.5:1 and 50:1, all parts by weight referring to total active matter of the additive. When used in loop-scavenged crosshead marine diesel engines fouling of air ports with deposits is considerably reduced and there is a satisfactory anti-wear performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to petroleum fuel compositions with improved haze properties, said fuel composition containing an anti-haze additive comprising an hydroxylated resin acid and/or a selected metal resinate salt.

Abstract: A novel fuel composition contains ethanol or gasohol plus, as a corrosion inhibitor, a reaction product of aminotriazole and polyisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride.

Abstract: A novel fuel composition contains ethanol or gasohol plus, as a corrosion inhibitor, a reaction product of an aminotriazole, isatoic anhydride and an N-alkyl propylene diamine.

Abstract: An improved low viscosity (i.e.) 5 W to 71/2 W engine oil resistant to oxidation and consumption comprising a major portion of a lubricating oil stock, a sulfurized oil, a dispersant, an anti-corrosion agent, an anti-rust agent, a detergent, an anti-oxidant, and a viscosity index improver.

Abstract: Diesel fuel compositions which contain minor amounts of azides having the formula:X=N.sup.+ =N.sup.-where X is selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## where R and R' can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl straight- and branched chain hydrocarbons having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; alkoxy groups having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; aryl; aryloxy; nitro; hydroxy; halo; amino (except ortho to the azido); alkylamino; acyl groups having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; alkylamido; and carbalkoxy. The minor amount of the azides in part improved cetane numbers (low ignition delay) to the diesel fuel.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel composition of matter which comprises oxidizing a hydrocarbon oil with aqueous nitric acid, separating from the resulting oxidation product an aqueous phase and an oxidized hydrocarbon phase as the novel composition of matter. The novel composition of matter can itself be used as a fuel or it can be a component of a novel fuel composition.

Abstract: Incorporation of small amounts of ortho-azidophenol in gasoline stocks results in improved antiknock performance. Improvements in octane quality of about 0.29 RON per gram per gallon of gasoline are found.

Abstract: A fuel for internal combustion engines is composed of a mixture of alcohol and gasoline in which the alcohol content is 70 to 85 volume % and the gasoline consists essentially of aromatic, alkanic and cycloalkanic hydrocarbons and, optionally, olefinic hydrocarbons the hydrocarbons having 3-11 carbon atoms, the aromatic hydrocarbons constituting 35 to 45 weight % of the gasoline and the aromatic and any olefinic hydrocarbons constituting cumulatively 35 to 60 weight % of the gasoline.

Abstract: Method of determining the presence of one or more liquid hydrocarbons in a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, the method having the step of adding to the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons to be detected a minor amount of an alkylated isodibenzanthrone.

Abstract: Preparation of novel prochiral olefinic compounds which can be asymmetrically hydrogenated to enantiomers, which are converted to ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by described procedures.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel synthetic fuel composition suitable for use in internal combustion engines. The fuel composition comprises from about 40 to 95% by volume of a primary alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, from about 5 to 60% by volume of an alcohol derivative having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or --CH.sub.3.The fuel composition can be prepared by reacting a primary alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms with oxygen or air to form an alcohol derivative which is an aldehyde and reacting the aldehyde with an additional portion of the alcohol to form the product, comprising the alcohol, the alcohol derivative and the aldehyde.

Abstract: Unwanted settling in a composition comprising a suspension of fine particles of coal in fuel oil is eliminated or substantially reduced by adding an effective amount of a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene copolymer which corresponds to the formula:Y[(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n H].sub.xwherein Y is the residue of an organic compound having from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms in which x has a value of at least one, m has a value such that the oxyethylene content of the molecule is from about 10 to 40 weight percent and n has a value such that the total molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene groups is from about 2000 to 6000.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines are provided containing deposit control additives which maintain cleanliness of intake systems without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene) aminocarbamates comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) moiety composed of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units and one or more 9-30 carbon oxyalkylene groups. Certain additives also find use as dispersants in lubricating oils.

Abstract: An azo compound which in the free acid form is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 stands for methyl, ethyl, R.sub.2 stands for hydrogen, methyl, methoxy or ethoxy, R.sub.3 stands for hydrogen or methyl, and K stands for ##STR2## wherein the benzene nucleus A may be further substituted by methyl, amino, acetylamino or methoxy or: ##STR3## wherein these naphthalene neuclei may be further substituted by hydroxy, amino or acetylamino, also a process for preparing the azo compound and a dyeing method using said azo compound.