Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method, terminal, and base station, relate to the communications field, and can improve data packet transmission efficiency. The data transmission method includes: receiving, by a terminal in an idle state, a first resource sent from a base station, where the first resource is used by the terminal to send an uplink application layer data packet to the base station; and sending, by the terminal, on the first resource, the uplink application layer data packet to the base station. The data transmission method is applied to the data transmission system.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for an agent executing on a Kubernetes node in a cluster. The method instructs a forwarding element that also executes on the node to process a flow tracing packet. From the forwarding element, the method receives a message indicating a set of flow entries matched by the flow tracing packet as the forwarding element processes the flow tracing packet. For each flow entry of at least a subset of the flow entries matched by the flow tracing packet, the method generates mapping data that maps elements of the flow entry to Kubernetes concepts implemented in the cluster. The method reports data regarding the set of flow entries along with the generated mapping data.

Abstract: Channel state information reference signal transmission can be used to estimate channel state information. Although resources needed for channel state information reference signals can be small, when multiple bandwidths are deployed within the same orthogonal frequency division multiplexing bandwidth, estimating the channel state information can comprise a channel state information reference signal resource grid for every bandwidth. Therefore, time-frequency resources for channel state information reference signals can be high and occupy a lot of bandwidth, thereby reducing the number of resources for data transmission. Therefore, a non-orthogonal design for channel state information reference signals for a 5G air interface can mitigate bandwidth loss in a 5G network.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for monitoring routing data and issuing alarms for route anomalies detected based on the monitored routing data. Routing data, including Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) announcement and/or withdraw messages for a targeted prefix of an Autonomous System (AS), is collected and analyzed to detect route anomalies. The analysis may include a comparison of the BGP messages to internal routing data. An alarm is selectively output corresponding to the detected route anomalies. The detected route anomalies may be correlated with monitored network traffic data to classify the route anomalies, where the output of the alarm is based on the classification of the route anomalies.

Abstract: A system is described whereby a cloud router may allow routing as a service in a cloud-like manner. In an example, an apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled with the processor that effectuates operations. The operations may include receiving first routing information associated with a first customer edge device; adding the first routing information to network routing information of the apparatus, wherein the network routing information comprises a network routing table with routes for a plurality of networks; and propagating the network routing information to a software defined network (SDN) controller, wherein, based on the network routing information, the SDN controller sends a forwarding information base (FIB) to a provider edge device connected with the first customer edge device.

Abstract: Distributed antenna systems (DAS) and methods are disclosed that are aware of cellular user/antenna relationships. The DAS systems and/or methods include or use one or more User Aware Units that provide the functionality of knowing (or, knowledge of) which cellular user(s) each antenna can communicate with (and vice versa). The User Aware Unit functions to gather information about the reception in each antenna in order to identify the cellular users that the respective antenna can communicate with or best communicate with compared to other cellular users.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reducing the size of packet headers by using a single field to encode multiple elements. Instead of including separate fields for each element, one or more encoded fields may be used, each of which is decoded to determine two or more values for the data packet. A receiving device decodes the encoded data field to retrieve the two or more values.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling a network traffic path are provided. The method includes: receiving routing advertisement information from a first network to a second network; determining all routing nodes included in a path through which data pass when flowing from the second network to the first network according to the routing advertisement information; and configuring a next hop routing node for each determined routing node, where the next hop routing node is a node in all the routing nodes included in the path and is adjacent to the routing node for which the next hop routing node is configured, and the routing node for which the next hop routing node is configured does not include a routing node of the first network or a routing node of the second network.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for sharing routes between nodes in a distributed network system. An example method includes receiving, by a control node of a software-defined network (SDN) controller, a route from a compute node of a plurality of compute nodes in a network; publishing, by the control node and in response to receiving the route, a route update to an in-memory database service of the SDN controller; and sending, by the in-memory database service in response to receiving the published route update, the published route update to any of the plurality of compute nodes that have subscribed to receive route updates for an in-memory database instance associated with the control node.

Abstract: A stitching label sending method, receiving method, and a device, the sending method including receiving, by a controller, first label range information sent by an intermediate device, where the first label range information indicates a first label range in a plurality of label ranges of the intermediate device, selecting, by the controller, a label from the first label range as a stitching label, and sending, by the controller, to the intermediate device, the stitching label and a first label stack corresponding to the stitching label, where the first label stack indicates a first label switched path starting from the intermediate device.

Abstract: A method for processing network communications, the method including receiving a network packet at a network device and performing at least one lookup for the packet in one or more first lookup tables in which the one or more first lookup tables are programmed to include at least one of an exact match or longest prefix match (LPM) table entry. The method includes obtaining a security source segment and a security destination segment based upon the result of the at least one lookup for the packet in the one or more first lookup tables. The method further includes performing a lookup in a second lookup table based upon the security source segment and security destination segment in which the second lookup table is programmed in a content addressable memory. Based upon the result of the lookup in the second lookup table, processing a forwarding decision for the packet according to the security source segment and security destination segment.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a method for discovering a forwarding path and a related device thereof, to discover a forwarding path. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, a packet that is sent by a second device and that is used to discover a forwarding path; searching, by the first device based on a first forwarding entry of a data plane, for forwarding information used to forward the packet; and sending, by the first device, path information to the second device based on a second forwarding entry of an autonomic control plane virtual routing and forwarding (ACP VRF) instance, where the first forwarding entry and the second forwarding entry are isolated from each other. In the embodiments, the first forwarding entry and the second forwarding entry are isolated from each other, and returning of the path information is not affected by a data plane fault.

Abstract: A cellular telephone or similar wireless device possesses a directionally oriented wireless telecommunications facility to initiate and operate a second type of wireless connection. Optionally, the devices share mobile identification numbers (MINs), IP addresses, or MAC addresses. Also optionally, the devices create contacts in their contact databases reflecting the identity of the connection. By this means, a subsequent telephony-based or LAN-based connection may be instituted.

Abstract: A method for use in a communication network is provided.

Abstract: A network device may define a container LSP that includes multiple member LSPs. Each of the multiple member LSPs defines a path from the network device through a network of a plurality of network devices. The network device may receive traffic that includes multiple packet flows. The network device may identify a first set of packet flows that are intolerant to packet reordering. The network device may identify a second set of packet flows that are tolerant to packet reordering. The network device may distribute each of the first set of packet flows to a corresponding one of the multiple member LSPs. The network device may process the second set of packet flows to determine a distribution sequence for the second set of packet flows. The network device may distribute the second set of packet flows among the multiple member LSPs based on the distribution sequence.

Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast communications in a communication system are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast communications may be configured to support stateless multicast communications in a label switching network (e.g., a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, an MPLS—Traffic Engineered (TE) network, or the like) based on a network label space. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast communications based on a network label space may be configured to support assignment, from a network label space of a network, of a set of labels for nodes of the network and for adjacencies of the network. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast communications based on a network label space may be configured to support assignment of node labels from the network label space for nodes of the network and assignment of adjacency labels from the network label space for adjacencies of the network.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing end-to-end segment routing paths across metropolitan area networks. For example, a method comprises receiving, by an area border router (ABR) connected to one or more metropolitan area networks and a core network, a packet including a segment routing label stack including at least a label of the ABR, a context label associated with a routing instance of the ABR, and a subsequent label identifying a device in the segment routing path, determining, from a lookup of the context label in the metro routing table, a table next hop to the core routing table (or metro routing table); in response to determining the table next hop, determining, from a lookup of the subsequent label in the core routing table (or metro routing table), a next hop in the segment routing path; and sending, by the ABR, the packet toward the device in the segment routing path.

Abstract: A node may be an active node associated with a high-availability service and may route session traffic communicated via a first route path between a first endpoint and a second endpoint. The node may determine a first measurement of a traffic metric of the first route path and may receive, from another node associated with the high-availability service, a second measurement of the traffic metric of a second route path. The node may compare the first measurement and the second measurement and determine that the traffic metric is enhanced on the second route path relative to the first route path. The node may cause, via a high-availability link between the node and the other node, the other node to become the active node for routing the session traffic between the first endpoint and the second endpoint.

Abstract: A method for operating a user equipment in a wireless communication is provided as an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include: receiving modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information for each of two or more codewords from a base station (BS); determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) antenna port to which a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) antenna port is mapped based on the MCS information; and receiving a PTRS based on the DMRS antenna port, wherein a DMRS antenna port with the lowest index among one or more DMRS antenna ports included in a codeword with the highest MCS among the two or more codewords may be determined as the DMRS antenna port.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method and apparatus are provided, and pertain to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: determining, by a first node, information about a loop-free path from the first node to a second node, where the first node and the second node are a pair of nodes having an anycast route; and when the first node receives a packet to be sent to a third node, if a link from the first node to the third node is faulty, forwarding, by the first node, the packet to the second node based on the information about the loop-free path, so as to forward the packet to the third node through the second node. According to this application, a success rate of packet sending can be improved.