Abstract: Devices suitable for use in an advanced oxidation method for organic and inorganic pollutants deploying OH* radicals and ozone is disclosed. Optionally, a first discharge device, providing OH* radicals and second discharge device providing ozone, are combined to provide desirable chemical and biocidal characteristics. Further, efficient mixing systems for transferring the radicals to the target fluid are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for the gas treatment including a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber including an inlet opening of a flow of gas to be treated; means for the formation of ionizing electrical discharges adapted to interact with the gas to be treated to form a plasma state for obtaining a flow of treated gas which includes at least a high-added value fraction and at least a waste fraction; an outlet opening of the high-added value fraction arranged downstream of the means for the formation with respect to the direction of forward movement of the flow of gas to be treated inside the reaction chamber; reintroduction means for reintroducing the waste fraction inside the reaction chamber, and the reintroduction means being arranged downstream of the means for the formation with respect to the direction of forward movement.

Abstract: Embodiments provide detection systems and methods for detecting the presence of a nucleic acid in one or more samples. In a detection method, a sample and one or more nucleic acid probes are introduced into a channel. A first potential difference is applied across the length of the channel in a first direction, and a first electrical property value is detected. Subsequently, a second potential difference is applied across the length of the channel in a second opposite direction, and a second electrical property value is detected. Presence or absence of a nucleic acid in the channel is determined based on a comparison between the first and second electrical property values.

Abstract: A method for converting hydrocarbon materials into a product includes receiving a hydrocarbon feedstock in a first reaction chamber, receiving a process gas in the first reaction chamber, and forming a first set of discharge conditions in the presence of energy from a microwave generator, in the first reaction chamber, to convert the hydrocarbon feedstock into an intermediate product for delivery to a second reaction chamber. The method also includes delivering the intermediate product to the second reaction chamber, forming a second set of discharge conditions, and converting the intermediate product into a final product in the second reaction chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of an ionic salt group-containing silicone-based main film-forming polymer comprising functional groups; and a curing agent reactive with the functional groups of the ionic salt group-containing silicone-based main film-forming polymer. Also disclosed are coatings, coated substrates, and methods of coating a substrate.

Abstract: Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon fiber carbonization apparatus using a microwave. The carbon fiber carbonization apparatus using a microwave comprises: a carbonization furnace into which the microwave is irradiated from an irradiation part disposed at one side thereof; a moving tube through which a carbon fiber moves along the inside thereof and which is mounted to pass through the carbonization furnace; and a heating element coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the moving tube to absorb the microwave so as to generate heat. A portion of the moving tube is covered by the heating element at the position, but a remaining portion is exposed at a position at which the heating element is coupled to the moving tube.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing graphene and an apparatus therefor. The method of manufacturing graphene and the apparatus therefor according to the present disclosure allow production of high-quality graphene in a simple manner in a short time without addition of a separate additive.

Abstract: Apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction through the application of light, including a light source providing illumination at a selected wavelength, a lens material adapted to be in physical contact with the light source, when in use, and a receptacle for holding a reaction vial in which the chemical reaction takes place, the receptacle adapted to position a portion of the reaction vial in physical contact with the lens material when in use, wherein the lens material has a refractive index that facilitates the transmission of the illumination from the light source to the reaction vial. Alternatively, the receptacle and vial may be replaced by a reaction plate in which reaction wells are formed.

Abstract: A system and method for performing plasma reactions creating a plasma area in a gas adjacent to a liquid. An embodiment of the plasma reactor includes a housing with an internal reaction chamber, first and second inlet paths to the reaction chamber, and electrodes for producing an electric field. The system may optionally further include a pre-ionization electrode and pre-ionization electric field for pre-ionizing a feed gas prior to entry into a reaction chamber. The reactor uses plasma to ionize gas adjacent with the liquid. The ionized gas reacts with the liquid to form an effluent. Exemplary uses of the plasma reactor include ionic injection, gas dissociation, liquid re-formation, and liquid dissociation. An alternative embodiment provides a system and method for infusion of gaseous particles into liquid by applying an electric field at power levels lower than the voltage required to form a plasma to gas adjacent to liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing ozone in an ozone generating machine, including the steps of: supplying feed gas containing dioxygen at a gas inlet (O2IN) of an ozone generator (OzG), at a given feed gas flow and feed gas pressure; supplying an alternating electric current so as to create electric discharges to generate a given amount of ozone at a gas outlet (O3OUT) of the ozone generator (OzG); adjusting electric current power and at least one of a plurality of process parameters comprising; characterized in that the method includes, during ozone production, the steps of: monitoring electric power and said at least one parameter of the plurality of process parameters; and adjusting the feed gas pressure in response to the adjustment of the electric current power and said at least one process parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of combining chemical enhancement and physical enhancement to produce a combined synergistic total enhancement, and more specifically to methods of irradiating samples containing nanomaterials capable of producing chemical or physical enhancement to produce combined synergistic total enhancement.

Abstract: A method for the infrared-light-induced yield optimization of chemical reactions is provided. An energy input into at least one starting material that is subjected to a chemical reaction takes place by means of infrared light pulses having a mean wavelength in the range of 2000 to 100000 nm. The chemical reaction here is a reaction in which a product, the molecular formula of which does not correspond to the molecular formula of the starting material, is formed and wherein the yield optimization for the most part is not based on a thermal heating of the starting material. The infrared light pulses have a fixed wavelength and the energy input into the starting material takes place by means of vibration excitation by a one-photon process.

Abstract: A method of substituting an azide for hydrogen bonded to a tertiary carbon atom is provided. A liquid mixture in an oxygen-free environment has spaced-apart carbon and platinum electrodes disposed therein. The liquid mixture includes a solvent, ammonium azide, and a base material having at least one tertiary carbon atom with hydrogen bonded thereto. An electric current is applied to the electrodes where the liquid mixture undergoes a reaction. The electrochemically-induced reaction yields a liquid product and a solid product. The liquid product includes the solvent and a constituent having at least one tertiary carbon atom with an azide bonded thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photolytic converter for converting reactant molecules in a fluid sample into product molecules by photolytic dissociation with electromagnetic radiation. The converter has a reaction chamber in communication with one or more electromagnetic radiation sources, an inflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample into the reaction chamber, and an outflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample out of the reaction chamber into a receptacle, wherein at least one of the first and outflow conduits extends into the reaction chamber. The receptacle can comprise detection means for generating a signal indicative of a concentration of product molecules in the processed fluid sample.

Abstract: A GaON/ZnO photoelectrode involving a nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material deposited onto a surface of a conducting substrate, and the nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material containing gallium oxynitride nanoparticles interspersed in zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as methods of preparing the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode. A method of using the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode for solar water electrolysis is also provided.

Abstract: A sampling plate (1) is provided comprising a sample zone (2) for receiving a liquid sample, and two drive electrodes (3, 4) with separate respective electrode terminals spaced by a spacing for receiving a the liquid sample within the sample zone for use in driving an electrical signal through the sample. Two sensing electrodes (5, 6) are provided with separate respective electrode terminals spaced between the electrode terminals of the two drive electrodes for use in sensing an electrical signal generated by the drive electrodes within a the sample. A sampling apparatus (15) is provided for use with the plate.

Abstract: An illustrative aqueous ozone delivery device for use with an aqueous ozone generator cartridge can be used for body part, tissue, and instrument sanitizing, including hand rinsing, hand sanitizing, and clinical treatment. One embodiment includes a hooded sanitizing chamber and spray devices directed to each hand of a user, a docketing station for pluggably receiving a replaceable ozone generator and sensor cartridge, and a controller for sensing hand position and orientation, delivering a desired ozone concentration and duration.

Abstract: An ozone generation system which is adaptable for supplying ozone to different medium and small application processes. The system has a source of feed gas, a corona discharge cell receiving the feed gas from the feed gas source and generating ozone for the application process, a flow controller measuring and managing the flow of the feed gas from the feed gas source to the corona discharge cell; and a regulator receiving gas from the corona discharge cell and sending the gas to the application process. The regulator maintains pressure in the corona discharge cell independent of the application process pressure.

Abstract: A solid state combinatorial synthesis of particulate diamond ranging in size from the macroscopic down to the nanoscale, which entails: a) forming a solution having a source of reactant atoms, a tetrahedranoidal compound reactant, and a solvent vehicle; b) forming liquid droplets of the solution; c) evaporating the solvent vehicle from the liquid droplets of the solution to form particles containing a homogenous solid mixture of the reactants; and d) exposing the particles of the homogeneous solid mixture to a high energy discharge thereby forming diamond particles.