Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for identification of image shapes based on situational awareness of a surgical image and annotation of shapes or pixels. A surgical video associated with a surgical procedure may be obtained. Surgical context data for the surgical procedure may be obtained. Elements in the video frames may be identified based on the surgical context data using image processing. Annotation data may be determined and generated for the video frames, for example, based on the surgical context data and the identified element(s).

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: An image coding method includes coding a motion vector difference indicating a difference between the motion vector and a predicted motion vector, wherein the coding includes: coding a first portion that is a part of a first component which is one of a horizontal component and a vertical component of the motion vector difference; coding a second portion that is a part of a second component which is different from the first component and is the other one of the horizontal component and the vertical component; coding a third portion that is a part of the first component and is different from the first portion; coding a fourth portion that is a part of the second component and is different from the second portion; and generating a code string which includes the first portion, the second portion, the third portion, and the fourth portion in the stated order.

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: A method of decoding coding blocks of a coding tree unit for an image frame, from a bitstream. The method comprises determining a chroma format of the image frame, the chroma format having chroma channels of the image frame being subsampled relative to a luma channel of the image frame; and determining, based on the determined chroma format, a size of a chroma coding block of one of the chroma channels of the coding tree unit, wherein the chroma coding block is collocated with a plurality of corresponding luma blocks. The method comprises determining the chroma coding block is encoded using intra prediction if the determined size of the chroma block is a predetermined minimum chroma block size; and decoding the coding blocks of the coding tree using intra prediction for the chroma coding block and inter prediction for at least one of the plurality of corresponding luma coding blocks.

Abstract: An imaging device can provide an indication of a focus state of a displayed image to aid an operator to focus an image. The imaging device can include an image capture device configured form an image of a scene that includes an object viewed by the imaging device; a display to display the image the scene; a focus input to adjust a focus of the image displayed on the display; a hardware processor; and a memory storing computer-readable instructions, the instructions executable by the hardware processor to perform operations. The operations can include performing image processing on the image; determining a focus state of the image based on the image processing; and indicating a focus state of the image on the display.

Abstract: An endoscope system comprises an image acquisition unit, a discrimination processing unit, and a discrimination processing control unit. The image acquisition unit acquires an endoscope image obtained by imaging an observation target using an endoscope. The discrimination processing unit discriminates a portion having a specific feature in the observation target by performing discrimination processing, using an endoscope image. The discrimination processing control unit controls a start or an end of the discrimination processing on the basis of a change in operation of an endoscope or the endoscope image.

Abstract: A video decoder is provided for the decoding of a video bitstream encoded in a temporal interpolated prediction (TIP) mode. First and second motion vectors pointing to respective reference frames, or reference pictures within those frames, are generated for a block of a current picture. The motion vectors are then refined by application of a decoder-side motion vector refinement (DMVR) process, based on a bilateral matching process, and the refined motion vectors are used to decode the block. The refinement may more specifically involve consideration of candidates for the refined motion vectors, selected by the bilateral matching. The refinement may be applied at both block and sub-block divisions of the current picture.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving an intra-prediction mode for a current block, determining whether or not a left boundary or an upper boundary of the current block is a boundary of a predetermined image region, configuring a reference sample by using at least one reconstructed sample included in at least one reconstructed sample line adjacent to the current block based on the determination result, and performing intra-prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: A head-mounted display system includes a head mounted display unit with a display and a positioning and stabilising structure configured to hold the head-mounted display unit in an operable position on the user's head in use. The positioning and stabilizing structure includes headgear with at least one strap configured to contact the user's head, in use. The head mounted display unit and at least a portion of the positioning and stabilizing structure are formed from a one piece construction of textile material.

Abstract: One variation of a method for autonomously generating an optimized audio-visual (AV) file from an original AV file comprises: a) generating a vector cube comprising a plurality of vector matrices for an original AV file; b) for each vector matrix within the vector cube, determining an optimal subframe having a subframe size larger than or equal to a predetermined minimum subframe size; and c) generating an optimized AV file based on the optimal subframes determined for each of the vector matrices within the vector cube.

Abstract: Camera head apparatus, systems, and methods for providing wide angle/panoramic images and/or video of the interior of pipes or other cavities using multiple imaging and illumination modules are disclosed.

Abstract: An Internet of Things equipment management system and an operation method thereof are provided. The operation method includes: obtaining, by a wearable camera, a group number and a user name of the wearable camera from a client-side server; scanning a barcode of a sensor to obtain a serial number of the sensor and writing the group name to the sensor by the wearable camera; pairing, by the wearable camera, the group name and the serial number to establish a pairing relationship between the wearable camera and the sensor; and transmitting, by the wearable camera, the pairing relationship to the client-side server.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: acquiring image information including a block-based delta pulse code modulation (BDPCM) constraint flag indicating whether or not BDPCM is constrained with respect to an image; acquiring BDPCM-associated information regarding a current block on the basis of the BDPCM constraint flag; and generating reconstructed samples for the current block on the basis of the BDPCM-associated information.

Abstract: A camera tracking bar of a camera tracking system for computer assisted surgery navigation. The camera tracking bar includes a first set of stereo tracking cameras having first resolution, first field of view, and spaced apart on the camera tracking bar by a first baseline distance. The camera tracking bar also includes a second set of stereo tracking cameras having second resolution, second field of view, and spaced apart on the camera tracking bar by a second baseline distance that is less than the first baseline distance. The second set of stereo tracking cameras is positioned between the first set of stereo tracking cameras, and the resolution and/or the field of view of the second set of stereo tracking cameras is different from the resolution and/or the field of view of the first set of stereo tracking cameras. A communication interface provides camera video streams to the camera tracking subsystem.

Abstract: A system comprises an encoder configured to compress video data using an in-loop noise generation process that generates noise in the compression loop at a sub-image portion level of granularity, such as at a block level. The encoder includes noise model and/or noise model input parameter information in an encoded bit stream. Also, a system includes a decoder configured to receive such a bit stream and decompress the video using an in-loop noise generation process that generates noise in the decompression loop at a sub-image portion level of granularity.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling intra prediction for decoding of a video sequence are provided. The method includes setting a table including a plurality of intra prediction modes respectively corresponding to a plurality of intra prediction angles, the plurality of intra prediction angles including diagonal intra prediction angles respectively corresponding to diagonal directions of all shapes of coding units, and selecting, for decoding the video sequence, one of the plurality of intra prediction modes, from the set table.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry determines one or more tiles included in a picture and one or more subpictures included in the picture, according to a constraint condition that each tile of the one or more tiles includes at least one subpicture of the one or more subpictures entirely and the each tile does not include another subpicture of the one or more subpictures partially.