Abstract: A wireless communication threshold for an implantable medical device is automatically adapted in an attempt to maintain optimum signal detection sensitivity. In some aspects, a threshold level may be adapted to account for current environmental conditions, implant conditions, device conditions, or other conditions that may affect the reception of wireless signals at the device. In some aspects, the determination of an optimum level for the threshold involves a tradeoff relating to effectively detecting target signals while avoiding detection of noise and/or interference. In some aspects, adaptation of a threshold may be based on maximum energy levels associated with one or more sets of RF energy sample data. In some aspects, adaptation of a threshold may be based on the number of false wakeups that occur during a period of time.

Abstract: A track system for a railway system includes a base plate configured to be supported on a railroad tie. The system also includes a drive rail and a guard rail. The drive rail includes a head portion, a web portion, and a base portion. The head portion is configured such that wheels of a train car used in the railway system roll thereon. The web portion connects the head portion and the base portion. The base portion is supported on the base plate. The guardrail includes a head portion, a web portion, and a base portion. The head portion of the guardrail is configured to contact the wheels to prevent the wheels from slipping off the drive rail. The web portion of the guardrail connects the head portion of the guardrail and the base portion of the guardrail. The base portion of the guardrail is retained in a support on the base plate.

Abstract: An implantable system includes light sources to transmit toward vascularized tissue, in a time multiplexed manner, light having a first wavelength of approximately 660 nm, light having a second wavelength of approximately 810 nm, light having a third wavelength of approximately 910 nm, and light having a fourth wavelength of approximately 980 nm. The system includes one or more light detector to detect light of the first, second, third and fourth wavelengths scattered by vascularized tissue. Additionally, one or more processor is configured to determine levels of blood oxygen saturation based on the detected scattered light of the first and third wavelengths, determine levels of tissue oxygen saturation based on the detected scattered light of the first and third wavelengths, determine levels of hemoglobin concentration based on the detected scattered light of the second wavelength, and determine levels of tissue hydration based on the detected scattered light of the second and fourth wavelengths.

Abstract: A medical device (implantable or external) is provided that comprises a power source, a charge storage member, a terminal connector, a switch network, a controller and a leak detection module. The charge storage member is configured to receive and store energy from the power source. The terminal connector is configured to be coupled to a lead to be implanted in a patient proximate to tissue of interest. The switch network is electrically disposed between the charge storage member and the terminal connector. The switch network changes between open and closed states to disconnect and connect the charge storage member and the terminal connector. The controller controls storage of energy in the charge storage member and delivery of stimulating pulses from the charge storage member to the lead coupled to the terminal connector. The leak detection module obtains a leakage measurement by sensing at least one of i) a voltage potential of the charge storage member and ii) current flow from the charge storage member.

Abstract: A track system for a railway system includes a base plate configured to be supported on a railroad tie. The system also includes a drive rail and a guard rail. The drive rail includes a head portion, a web portion, and a base portion. The head portion is configured such that wheels of a train car used in the railway system roll thereon. The web portion connects the head portion and the base portion. The base portion is supported on the base plate. The guardrail includes a head portion, a web portion, and a base portion. The head portion of the guardrail is configured to contact the wheels to prevent the wheels from slipping off the drive rail. The web portion of the guardrail connects the head portion of the guardrail and the base portion of the guardrail. The base portion of the guardrail is retained in a support on the base plate.

Abstract: A wireless communication threshold for an implantable medical device is automatically adapted in an attempt to maintain optimum signal detection sensitivity. In some aspects, a threshold level may be adapted to account for current environmental conditions, implant conditions, device conditions, or other conditions that may affect the reception of wireless signals at the device. In some aspects, the determination of an optimum level for the threshold involves a tradeoff relating to effectively detecting target signals while avoiding detection of noise and/or interference. In some aspects, adaptation of a threshold may be based on maximum energy levels associated with one or more sets of RF energy sample data. In some aspects, adaptation of a threshold may be based on the number of false wakeups that occur during a period of time.

Abstract: A "smart" memory card architecture and interface provides significantly increased performance, in part, by using fast access dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technologies which allows up to 8-byte data transfers from the memory card every 27ns after the initial access. The 27ns transfer rate includes the time required for error correction code (ECC), parity generation, and other reliability functions. Only two complementary metal oxide seminconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) logic chips or modules provide all the function required. The simplicity and flexibility afforded by the "smart" memory card approach provides a means to allow one card interface to be used with a broad range of hardware technologies and in different systems. The architecture of the memory card provides a full range of direct and partial store operations in a manner transparent to the system.