Abstract: Anionic nanocomposites for use as retention and drainage aids in papermaking are prepared by adding an anionic polyelectrolyte to a sodium silicate solution and then combining the sodium silicate and polyelectrolyte solution with silicic acid.

Abstract: Anionic nanocomposites for use as retention and drainage aids in papermaking are prepared by adding an anionic polyelectrolyte to a sodium silicate solution and then combining the sodium silicate and polyelectrolyte solution with silicic acid.

Abstract: There is provided a strength resin polymer for papermaking that has pendant alpha-hydroxy acetal substituents to (N-alkyl)(C.sub.1-2 alkyl)acrylamide mer units. There also is provided a process for preparation of such resin polymer by adduction of a pre-existing polymer, or the monomer precursors thereto, with an acetal-aldehyde reactant under alkaline conditions. There is provided such strength resin polymer in the form of a fluid liquid system, for instance a fluid solution or a fluid oil-continuous water-in-oil emulsion, particularly when such a system has a high concentration of resin polymer. There is provided activated polymer versions of certain of such resin polymers and paper compositions containing such activated polymer. There is also provided papermaking processes including the step of activating such resin polymer.

Abstract: There is provided a strength resin polymer for papermaking that has pendant alpha-hydroxy acetal substituents to (N-alkyl)(C.sub.1-2 alkyl)acrylamide mer units. There also is provided a process for preparation of such resin polymer by adduction of a pre-existing polymer, or the monomer precursors thereto, with an acetal-aldehyde reactant under alkaline conditions. There is provided such strength resin polymer in the form of a fluid liquid system, for instance a fluid solution or a fluid oil-continuous water-in-oil emulsion, particularly when such a system has a high concentration of resin polymer. There is provided activated polymer versions of certain of such resin polymers and paper compositions containing such activated polymer. There is also provided papermaking processes including the step of activating such resin polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical composition and a process for inhibiting corrosion and scaling on metal surfaces in industrial cooling water systems. The process includes the addition to the cooling water of from 10 to 200 ppm of an alkyl polyethoxy compound having a free carboxylate, sulfonate or phosphonate group. In some preferred embodiments, 10 to 500 ppm of a mineral oil is added to the water system, in addition to the polyethoxy compound.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible oil which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the oil in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible enhancing agent which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the agent in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible oil which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the oil in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical composition and a process for inhibiting corrosion and scaling on metal surfaces in industrial cooling water systems. The process includes the addition to the cooling water of from 10 to 200 ppm of an alkyl polyethoxy compound having a free carboxylate, sulfonate or phosphonate group. In some preferred embodiments, 10 to 500 ppm of a mineral oil is added to the water system, in addition to the polyethoxy compound.

Abstract: For inhibiting corrosion and scale on ferrous metal parts in a circulating water system there is added to the water in such system from 10 to 500 ppm of a partial ester of a polyfunctional acid having a free carboxylate, phosphonate or sulfonate group and another carboxyl group which is esterified with a polyoxyalkylated derivative of an alkyl, alkaryl, or alkenyl alcohol having a terminal hydrocarbon group of 8-20 carbon atoms. In some preferred embodiments there is added with the partial ester from 10 to 500 ppm of a dispersible oil which may also include a surface active agent for dispersing the oil in water. Preferred partial esters include partial esters of citric, malic, tartaric, maleic, adipic and phthalic acids partially esterified with an alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol having 2 to 4 ethoxy groups.

Abstract: Partial esters of hydroxy-polycarboxylic acids having at least one unesterified carboxyl group and at least one other carboxyl group esterified with an alcohol having one to 20 repeating oxyalkylene groups and a terminal hydrocarbon radical are useful as additives for inhibiting corrosion and scale on metal parts in a circulating water system. Especially suitable for the use are alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol partial esters of citric, malic and tartaric acids. Preparation and use of several preferred partial esters of the class are detailed.