Abstract: Heating fluid in a chamber comprising a floor or ceiling and an upwardly or downwardly extending heat receiving wall by positioning a vortex burner substantially at or above the chamber floor in proximity to the heat receiving wall, delivering fuel and air to the vortex nozzle and burning the fuel to make a combustion product, imparting a swirling flow to the combustion product while directing the swirling flow along an elongated path, jetting fuel at a location positioned adjacent the vortex burner, and burning the jet fuel, thereby forming jet flow combustion products that mix with the vortex burner combustion products, and directing the resulting hot mixture generally vertically adjacent to the heat receiving wall for transferring heat thereto.

Abstract: A burner tip having a converging portion with a multiplicity of ports. The ports are sized and positioned so that a substantially constant ratio is maintained between any selected cross-sectional flow area within the converging portion and the sum of the port areas downstream from that cross-sectional flow area, thereby maintaining a substantially constant pressure within the tip. A disk is positioned at a downstream portion of the converging portion to flatten the flame.

Abstract: A vortex burner includes a flame ring for forming a swirling mixture of fuel gas and air and moving it in a downstream direction into a burner cup, and a deflector plate downstream of the flame ring and arranged crosswise of the flow to divert the flow outwardly along the burner cup surface.