Abstract: Apparatus and a method for cleaning, rinsing and drying substrates, such as semiconductor wafers. The apparatus has a cleaning tank in which one or more megasonic transducers are located, the transducers being adapted to direct megasonic energy past the substrates for cleaning the same. The substrates are held in the cleaning tank by an improved holder which can be pivoted from one side to the other to present opposite side margins of the substrates to the megasonic energy field when otherwise such opposite side margins would not be exposed to such energy field due to the blocking action of parts of the holder. A rinse tank for containing a rinse solution is adjacent to the cleaning tank, and a robotic transfer arm mechanism moves the substrates in the holder from the cleaning tank to the rinse tank for immersion of the substrates into the rinse solution which can be heated to an elevated temperature or can be at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting current flow in a triac, wherein the circuit operates with only one operating voltage with one pole of this operating voltage being connected to a current terminal of the triac and simultaneously being the voltage reference point for the triac. The triac gate voltage fluctuating around the voltage reference point is used to detect the triac current flow, the gate voltage of the triac is transformed, if necessary, into the voltage range of the operating voltage of the detector circuit, and digital information is generated as a function of the gate voltage to indicate whether a load current is flowing in the triac or not.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive composition including silver halide grains capable of forming an internal latent image and a nucleating agent is useful as a coating on a support to form a photographic element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 5-fluoro- and 8-fluoro-trimetoquinol compounds of the general formula I wherein X.sub.1 =F,X.sub.2 =H or X.sub.1 =H,X.sub.2 =F ##STR1## The present invention also relates to a process for making the 5-fluoro- and 8-fluoro-trimetoquinol compounds by condensation of an appropriately substituted phenethylamine to afford an appropriately substituted phenethylacetamide compound. The amides are cyclized to give appropriately substituted intermediate dihydroisoquinolines. Without isolation, the dihydroisoquinolines are reduced to give appropriately substituted tetrahydroisoqinolines. The hydrochloride salts of tetrahydroisoqinolines are prepared and subjected to hydrogenolysis, to give the fluorine substituted trimetoquinol compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: A warhead having a longitudinal axis comprises a housing containing an explosive charge and an axially displaceable firing pin assembly. The latter has a hollow body, as well as an initial fuse, a final fuse and a pyrotechnical delay segment installed in the hollow body. An axially oriented point projects from the pin body, and a needle is affixed to the housing and is oriented axially in a direction toward the initial fuse. A first safety slide is radially displaceably held in the housing for blocking an axial motion of the firing pin assembly towards the needle, and a second safety slide is radially displaceably held in the housing for blocking an axial motion of the firing pin assembly in a direction away from the needle. A detonator is held in the second safety slide such that in one position of the second safety slide it is out of axial alignment with the point and in another position thereof it is in axial alignment with the point for allowing contact between the point and the detonator.

Abstract: The guide track for a tentering chain carrying roller-supported tenter clips or clamps has two band-shaped flexible parallel guide rails extending horizontally along the edge of a material web, but protruding in an upright or on-edge manner perpendicular to the material web. The tenter clips have running rollers arranged in the material tentering plane and contacting respective opposite vertical surfaces of the guide rail arranged closer to the material web for taking up horizontal forces. The tenter clip reaches around the two guide rails in a C-shape so that an upper support roller contacts the upper edge of the guide rail lying closer to the material web for supporting the weight of the tenter clip and so that a lower support roller contacts the lower edge of the other guide rail for taking up any tipping or tilting moments of the tenter clip.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for cleaning, rinsing and drying substrates, such as semiconductor wafers. The apparatus has a cleaning tank in which one or more megasonic transducers are located, the transducers being adapted to direct megasonic energy past the substrates for cleaning the same. The substrates are held in the cleaning tank by an improved holder which can be pivoted from one side to the other to present opposite side margins of the substrates to the megasonic energy field when otherwise such opposite side margins would not be exposed to such energy field due to the blocking action of parts of the holder. A rinse tank for containing a rinse solution is adjacent to the cleaning tank, and a robotic transfer arm mechanism moves the substrates in the holder from the cleaning tank to the rinse tank for immersion of the substrates into the rinse solution which can be heated to an elevated temperature or can be at ambient temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix ring magnetic separator the induction bodies of which are formed by sieve nettings which are arranged vertically and stacked behind one another in the direction of the magnetic field in such a way that the intersections of the wires of one sieve netting are located on the free field of the adjacent sieve netting resulting in the formation of sieve netting assemblies which are springy in themselves in the direction of the magnetic field. Even at very high field strength gradients such a magnetic separator is distinguished by good possibilities for cleaning and can also be produced economically.

Abstract: This invention relates to a warp knitting machine in which the knitting elements and each of the warp beams are driven by separate electric motors, powered from a common electrical network. An electric clutch is included in the drive connection between each warp beam and its electric motor and said clutch is energized by the same electric network which powers the electric motors. The electric clutch is energized when electric current is supplied to it by the network and connects the warp beams with their own electric motors. Whenever the electric current in the network is interrupted, the electric clutch is disengaged.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical, an aralkyl radical or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having up to 45 C atoms,R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical, an aralkyl radical or an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 5-50 C atoms,X is O, S, NH or NR, R being an alkyl radical having up to 20 C atoms, andZ is a glycosyl radical bonded via the anomeric carbon atom,or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof stimulate the immune system.

Abstract: A component changing apparatus which serves a group of injection molding machines has a transport carriage arranged for travel on a carriage track oriented parallel to the injection axis of each injection molding machine, between a storage magazine and a selected injection molding machine. A platform is mounted on the transport carriage for rotation through at least 180.degree. about a vertical axis. The platform defines an emplacement for holding a mold to be carried by the transport carriage. A mold guide is mounted on the platform for guiding the mold for a horizontal displacement into and out of the emplacement of the platform. Transport tracks are formed by the mold guides on the carriage and on the respective mold changing table and by the mold guides on the carriage and in a selected storage compartment when the transport carriage is in a coupling position adjacent one of the mold changing tables or the storage magazine, respectively.

Abstract: A method and a plant for storing freshwater to distribute it as consumption water are disclosed. The freshwater is enclosed within a downwardly open tank floating in a body of salt water, e.g. seawater and defined laterally by suspended, substantially vertical curtains and at its top end at least partly by a floating cover. The freshwater is supplied to the tank adjacent its top end so as to form an upper freshwater body therein, the lower portion of the tank being taken up by the salt water. A distinct horizontal boundary layer is formed between the freshwater and the salt water bodies and will move up and down in response to supply and withdrawal of the freshwater. To restrict diffusion of salt water into the freshwater body a separating layer of material having a density intermediate those of the freshwater and the salt water may be arranged at the boundary layer.

Abstract: A double admitting pressure intensifier which automatically reverses at its end positions is provided. The pressure intensifier comprises a pressure intensifier piston and a control slider running parallel to the pressure intensifier piston, each disposed in a bore of a casing. The control slider receives a control impulse only at the end of a stroke in order to maintain the pressure intensifier trouble-free under all conditions. This is assured by disposing two pressure pins of different diameter projection into axial bores of the control slider. The pressure pin with the larger diameter is connected to the feed line or, respectively, to the discharge port depending on the position of the pressure intensifier piston. The pressure pin with the smaller diameter is, on the other hand, continuously connected with the feed line.

Abstract: The invention concerns 7-amino-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1.sup.a represents hydrogen or an amino protective group R.sub.1.sup.A and R.sub.1.sup.b represent hydrogen or an acyl group AC, or R.sub.1.sup.A and R.sub.1.sup.b together denote a bivalent amino protective group, and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or an organic radical R.sub.2.sup.A which together with the --C(.dbd.O)--O-- grouping forms a protected carboxyl group, or salts such compounds which possess salt-forming groups; these compounds have antibiotic properties.

Abstract: For compensation of the effects of multi-path reception, a cascade distortion corrector composed of distortion corrector blocks successively connected in series is provided for a digital FM demodulator that needs non-recursive filtering. Each distortion corrector block produces an increase of the phase rotation and of the propagation time as well as a reduction of the reflection factor of the input signal. The cascade distortion corrector leads to a significant reduction of the hardware expense compared to the previously used transversal type filter structures. Sufficient compensation of the multi-path reception effects can be obtained by connecting five or six distortion corrector blocks one after the other.

Abstract: Apparatus for introducing a felt belt into the press section of a paper making machine. The endless loop belt is supported on a pair of support bars or, in an alternate embodiment, on a single support bar, which are provided on a frame comprised of two side parts held together by the support bars. Both of the support bars are located outside the belt loop. The belt loop is pulled up and draped over one or both of the support bars defining one or more folded regions of the belt at one or both of the support bars, which shortens the suspended length of the belt. A clamping device, typically secured to the side parts of the frame, clamps the folded region of the belt to the support bar while the belt is introduced into the press section. After the belt has been introduced into the press section, the device including its frame is unclamped from the folded regions of the belt and removed from the machine.

Abstract: Antibiotically active penicillins and cephalosporins of the formula ##STR1## in which Z is hydrogen or lower alkoxy,n is 1 or 2,Y, in the form of the free acid, is ##STR2## X is --S--, --n--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, T is an organic radical, hydrogen or halogen,A is hydroxyl, optionally substituted alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl ring, an optionally substituted polycyclic aromatic ring, an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring with nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur as hetero atoms in the ring, or an optionally substituted polycyclic heterocyclic ring,or non-toxic pharmaceutically tolerated salts thereof.

Abstract: A cursor control device (10) is provided which has a touch pad (14) formed of individual conductive plates (16) forming sectors of a circle. A user's touch on a dielectric layer (18) overlying the plates (16) is detected by individually charging and discharging each of the sector plates in a sequential manner to determine the increased capacitance, if any, of each sector plate. A microprocessor assigns each of the sector plates a relative X and Y weighting as a function of its angular position in the touch pad which are combined with the individual plate capacitance readings to calculate the relative X and Y position of the touch with respect to the origin (28) of the touch pad. Cursor control signals proportional to the relative X and Y values, plus a Z value proportional to the area of touch, if desired, are provided to the keyboard (12) of a displaying computer.