Abstract: Methods for determining an in-situ pore pressure in a formation rock may include acquiring well log data, calculating a cation-exchange capacity, calculating a mole fraction of fixed charges using the cation-exchange capacity, determining a formation temperature, calculating the in-situ pore pressure, outputting the in-situ pore pressure of the formation rock, and using the in-situ pore pressure in a wellbore stability model to monitor and maintain stability of the formation rock. Corresponding electronic devices may include a computer processor coupled to at least one logging tool, wherein the logging tool is configured to acquire well log data in a formation rock. Non-transitory computer storage mediums may include program instructions, that when executed, may be configured to perform the methods for determining an in-situ pore pressure in a formation rock.

Abstract: A method of stimulating petroleum production includes introducing a fracturing fluid into a petroleum bearing carbonate formation, thereby creating at least one fracture to stimulate the petroleum production. The fracturing fluid is introduced into the petroleum bearing carbonate formation at a pressure above the breakdown pressure of the formation. The fracturing fluid includes a plurality of proppants where from 1 to 50 wt. % of the plurality of proppants includes micro proppants having a particle size ranging from 0.5 to 150 ?m, and from 50 to 99 wt. % of the plurality of proppants includes macro proppants having a particle size greater than 100 mesh.

Abstract: A method of stimulating petroleum production includes introducing a fracturing fluid into a petroleum bearing carbonate formation, thereby creating at least one fracture to stimulate the petroleum production. The fracturing fluid is introduced into the petroleum bearing carbonate formation at a pressure above the breakdown pressure of the formation. The fracturing fluid includes a plurality of proppants where from 1 to 50 wt.% of the plurality of proppants includes micro proppants having a particle size ranging from 0.5 to 150 µm, and from 50 to 99 wt.% of the plurality of proppants includes macro proppants having a particle size greater than 100 mesh.

Abstract: A method for stimulating production of hydrocarbons from a sandstone formation includes the steps of injecting a stimulation fluid formed from a hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and an oxidizing agent, an ammonium containing compound, and a nitrite containing compound into the sandstone formation, where one or both of the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent comprise a degradable encapsulation. The method further includes maintaining the stimulation fluid, the ammonium containing compound, and the nitrite containing compound in the sandstone formation to initiate reaction and generate heat and nitrogen gas. Upon generation of heat and degradation of the degradable encapsulation, the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent react to form hydrofluoric acid in-situ to dissolve silica and silicate minerals and stimulate the sandstone formation.

Abstract: Methods for determining an in-situ pore pressure in a formation rock may include acquiring well log data, calculating a cation-exchange capacity, calculating a mole fraction of fixed charges using the cation-exchange capacity, determining a formation temperature, calculating the in-situ pore pressure, outputting the in-situ pore pressure of the formation rock, and using the in-situ pore pressure in a wellbore stability model to monitor and maintain stability of the formation rock. Corresponding electronic devices may include a computer processor coupled to at least one logging tool, wherein the logging tool is configured to acquire well log data in a formation rock. Non-transitory computer storage mediums may include program instructions, that when executed, may be configured to perform the methods for determining an in-situ pore pressure in a formation rock.

Abstract: Methods for performing a hydraulic fracturing operation are provided. The methods include pumping a hydraulic fracturing fluid through a wellbore into a subsurface formation, in which the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a plurality of proppants. Individual proppants of the plurality of proppants travel a first distance into the subsurface formation and have a persistent diameter homogeneity. The methods further include shutting in the wellbore to facilitate crushing individual proppants under formation pressure to form microproppants and resuming pumping the hydraulic fracturing fluid after crushing individual proppants and forcing the microproppants to a second distance within the subsurface formation, in which the second distance is beyond the first distance relative to the wellbore.

Abstract: Methods for performing a hydraulic fracturing operation are provided. The methods include pumping a hydraulic fracturing fluid through a wellbore into a subsurface formation, in which the hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a plurality of proppants. Individual proppants of the plurality of proppants travel a first distance into the subsurface formation and have a persistent diameter homogeneity. The methods further include shutting in the wellbore to facilitate crushing individual proppants under formation pressure to form microproppants and resuming pumping the hydraulic fracturing fluid after crushing individual proppants and forcing the microproppants to a second distance within the subsurface formation, in which the second distance is beyond the first distance relative to the wellbore.

Abstract: A method for stimulating production of hydrocarbons from a sandstone formation includes the steps of injecting a stimulation fluid formed from a hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and an oxidizing agent, an ammonium containing compound, and a nitrite containing compound into the sandstone formation, where one or both of the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent comprise a degradable encapsulation. The method further includes maintaining the stimulation fluid, the ammonium containing compound, and the nitrite containing compound in the sandstone formation to initiate reaction and generate heat and nitrogen gas. Upon generation of heat and degradation of the degradable encapsulation, the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent react to form hydrofluoric acid in-situ to dissolve silica and silicate minerals and stimulate the sandstone formation.

Abstract: A method for stimulating production of hydrocarbons from a sandstone formation includes the steps of injecting a stimulation fluid formed from a hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and an oxidizing agent, an ammonium containing compound, and a nitrite containing compound into the sandstone formation, where one or both of the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent comprise a degradable encapsulation. The method further includes maintaining the stimulation fluid, the ammonium containing compound, and the nitrite containing compound in the sandstone formation to initiate reaction and generate heat and nitrogen gas. Upon generation of heat and degradation of the degradable encapsulation, the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent react to form hydrofluoric acid in-situ to dissolve silica and silicate minerals and stimulate the sandstone formation.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for initiating and fulfilling e-commerce transactions from collaboration services is described.

Abstract: A method for stimulating production of hydrocarbons from a sandstone formation includes the steps of injecting a stimulation fluid formed from a hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and an oxidizing agent, an ammonium containing compound, and a nitrite containing compound into the sandstone formation, where one or both of the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent comprise a degradable encapsulation. The method further includes maintaining the stimulation fluid, the ammonium containing compound, and the nitrite containing compound in the sandstone formation to initiate reaction and generate heat and nitrogen gas. Upon generation of heat and degradation of the degradable encapsulation, the hydrofluoric acid generating precursor and the oxidizing agent react to form hydrofluoric acid in-situ to dissolve silica and silicate minerals and stimulate the sandstone formation.

Abstract: An improved foil for stained glass assembly is disclosed. This improved foil is unique in that it includes an indexing reference to assist in the precise placement of the foil on the edge of a piece of stained glass. After foiling of numerous pieces of stained glass, they are butted to one another and soldered together along their contiguous seams. The precise placement of the foil on the edge of the glass insures that the solder bead between such contiguous pieces is uniform, thus insuring an esthetically attractive and structurally superior article.