Abstract: The invention provides a ratchet wrench which can secure constant friction applied to a shank to generate a desired torque from start of an operation irrespective of an outward increase in distance between a pair of annular hold portions. A frictional force generation means 92 including a first guide bush 82 and a disc spring 44 is attached to a shank 22A with a locking pin 90 to form a shank assembly 94 as an assembly. Spring force of the disc spring 44 acts not on the outside of the shank assembly 94, but only on the inside thereof. The shank assembly 94 is inserted from a central space 13a of a first annular hold portion 12a toward a second annular hold portion 12b, and the shank 22A is held by an inner wall of the second annular hold portion 12b.

Abstract: A motor drive circuit is provided and includes: a PWM wave generation circuit for generating a PWM (pulse-width-modulated) wave having a high frequency, whose pulse width has been modulated, in response to a rotational frequency control signal used for driving a motor; a switching element (FET) that receives an input of a PWM wave output from the PWM wave generation circuit and performs switching operation; and a current resonance circuit including an inductance and a capacitor. Current resonance is induced in response to power of a battery cell imparted by means of operation of the switching element. A value falling within the range of 60 to 90 KHz, which is 1.1 to 1.7 times as large as a switching frequency 54 KHz of the switching element, may be selected and set for the resonance frequency.

Abstract: To enable a physically rewritable disc to be appropriately used as a write-once type. When the rewritable disc is used in rewritable application, the position where writing of a predetermined data unit (for example, an ECC block) in data is started is set to a first position with respect to a reference position to record or play back the data. In contrast, when the rewritable disc is used in write-once application, the position where writing of the predetermined data unit in the data is started is set to a second position different from first position to record or play back the data.

Abstract: A method of making a power transmission belt/belt sleeve having a body with a continuous length extending around an axis, an inside, an outside spaced radially from the inside, and at least one of a) a plurality of ribs extending lengthwise and b) a plurality of cog teeth spaced at lengthwise intervals, on one of the inside and outside of the belt/belt sleeve.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises the syntax checking section that checks the syntax of a device model according to a check table showing the relation between the syntax of the device model showing electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device and an amendment when deviating from the syntax. The syntax error amendment creating section corrects the device model according to a corresponding amendment when a description deviating from the syntax is checked by the syntax checking section.

Abstract: On a transparent electrically insulating substrate, formed are a scanning line, and a gate electrode of a switching element, further formed are a gate insulating film, a semiconductor layer, an n+-Si layer to be formed into a source electrode and a drain electrode. After the patterning of the foregoing structure, the dielectric film is formed, and the portion corresponding to the contact hole is removed by etching, and photosensitive resin is applied to form the interlayer insulating film. Then, the transparent electrode is extended from the pixel electrode over the switching element, whereon a conversion layer and a gold layer for use in electrode are vapor-deposited. In this structure, an increase in capacitor between the pixel electrode and the signal line can be suppressed by the interlayer insulating film, and the transparent electrode functions as a top gate and release excessive electric charge.

Abstract: In an optical information recording medium having at least two information layer, guide grooves for tracking or sample pits or information pits corresponding to information signals are formed on a surface of a first substrate. A first information layer formed by a thin film for reflecting a portion of a light beam made incident on the first substrate and permitting penetration of a portion of the light beam is formed on a surface of the first substrate. Guide grooves for tracking or information pits corresponding to information signals are formed on a surface of a second substrate. A second information layer having a reflectance higher than that of the first information layer is formed on a surface of the second substrate. Between the first information layer and the second information layer, there is formed a transparent separation layer for positioning the first information layer and the second information layer to be spaced a predetermined distance apart from each other.

Abstract: For data packet transmission in special format generated by connecting or patching data frames, a request packet and reply packet receivable only by STAs supporting the special format are transmitted/received before the data packet transmission, to check and manage the STA supporting the special format. Based on management information in own station, the data packet is transmitted in the special or standard format according to a receive-side STA. For generating plural data packets in special format in which plural data frames are patched, the plural data frames having subheaders added are connected and divided to data blocks. A main header including information necessary to restore patched data frames are added to each data block, and a control information field and a frame check field of a data packet are added before and after the data block having the main header added thereto, respectively, to generate data packets. thereto, respectively, to generate data packets.

Abstract: A telescopic system is provided and has a digital compass and a gimbal mechanism. The gimbal mechanism is formed of first and second gimbal suspension members and a base table side supporting member. The digital compass is held placed on the gimbal mechanism. The first gimbal suspension member has two crossing arm portions and is suspended on the base table side supporting member rotatably on the first rotary shafts. The second gimbal suspension member is suspended on the first gimbal suspension member rotatably on the second rotary shafts. In this arrangement, the digital compass can be always kept horizontal even when the gimbal mechanism is tilted.

Abstract: The battery includes a positive electrode having a first active material on a positive substrate. The first active material includes LiNixCo1-x-yMyO2 wherein M is chosen from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Mg, B, Ti, and Li, and wherein 0.5?x?1 and 0?y?0.3. The battery also includes a negative electrode having a second active material on a negative substrate. The second active material includes carbon. The negative electrode is susceptible to damage when a voltage exceeding a Damage Potential Threshold (DPT) is applied to the negative electrode. The DPT is lower than the maximum positive operating potential of the battery. The positive and negative electrodes define a Zero Volt Crossing Potential (ZCP) relative to a reference level when the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is zero. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are configured such that the value of the ZCP is less than the value of the DPT at a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A camera divides a light beam having passed through a taking lens unit into two light beams. One light beam forms an image on a silver salt film. Another light beam forms an image on a CCD. A light path for said another light beam is provided with an aperture diaphragm. The taking lens unit has an aperture diaphragm. Said two aperture diaphragms are correlatively controlled by a controller incorporated in the camera.

Abstract: To provide an optical head unit and an information recording/reproducing apparatus which are configured to provide a stable reproducing signal when reproducing information from a recording medium of a corresponding standard by selectively using laser beams with different wavelengths, a stable reproduce signal is obtained by one object lens when reproducing information from a recording medium of a standard defined according to each of three laser beams with different wavelengths, by arranging first to third light sources capable of outputting lights with different wavelengths, first and second wavelength selection films related to the arrangement of the light sources, and a polarization beam splitter in a predetermined order, and separating an output for power monitor by a polarization beam splitter.

Abstract: To provide an optical head unit which is configured to provide a reproduce signal when reproducing information from a recording medium of a corresponding standard by selectively using laser beams with different wavelengths, an optical diffraction element is provided, in which the grooves of a binary diffraction grating mainly for a laser beam with a wavelength of 655 nm and a blazed diffraction grating mainly for a laser beam with a wavelength of 405 nm are defined substantially parallel, and the reflected laser beams of the laser beams with respective wavelengths reflected by a corresponding optical disc are guided to a substantially the same detection area or detection areas positioned very close to one another in a photodetector.

Abstract: A pod cover removing-installing apparatus can open and close any covers for a variety of pods made by a various manufactures, can satisfy an allowable distortion error capable of being normally operated even if conditions such as temperature, humidity, and can remove and install the cover without causing it to collide with any one of the parts of the pods. The pod cover removing-installing apparatus to remove and install a cover for an opening of a pod, the inside of which is kept extremely clean, by causing the cover to engage a door for an opening of a high cleanliness room, while maintaining high cleanliness of the pod and the room by closely attaching the circumference of the two openings. The apparatus is provided with positioning pins for positioning the cover, a fine adjustment mechanism for fine adjustment of the positioning pins, and a holding mechanism for holding the position of the cover engaging the positioning pins.

Abstract: To have laser light sources with different wavelengths as one body, to guide the optical axes of the laser light sources through a common optics as far as possible, and to realize compactness, manufacturing easiness, low cost and high performance and reliability, when the wavelengths of laser beams from first, second and third light sources 21, 22, and 23 are different, a laser beam with a shortest wavelength is output from the first light source, a laser beam with a intermediate wavelength is output from the second light source, and a laser beam with a longest wavelength is output from the third light source. In this arrangement, a laser beam from the light source with a shortest wavelength is reflected by the least number of times.

Abstract: To provide an ignition timing controller of an internal combustion engine which prevents poor acceleration due to overcorrection for retard and the occurrence of knocking due to undercorrection for retard regardless of a change in the ratio of fuel injections, the internal combustion engine with an injector (11) for in-cylinder injection and an injector (12) for intake passage injection includes a transitional retard control section for correcting ignition timing for retard to prevent knocking during transitional operation of the engine, wherein a control amount by the transitional retard control section depends on a ratio of an amount of fuel injection from the injector (11) for in-cylinder injection to an amount of fuel injection from the injector (12) for intake passage injection.

Abstract: To provide an optical head unit which is configured to provide a reproducing signal difficult to be influenced by vibrations when reproducing information from a recording medium of a corresponding standard by selectively using laser beams with different wavelengths, the distance between a beam split phase of a beam splitter and a photodetector is reduced by providing a ball lens on a beam split plane defined not parallel and not vertical to an axial line connecting an optical coupling prism and a beam splitter, and reducing the distance between a photodetector and a beam split plane of a beam splitter, as an embodiment of a disc apparatus.

Abstract: In a electronic control unit, a computer is operable based on a first power supply voltage output from a power supply circuit. The computer executes a fault diagnostic task. As the fault diagnostic task, the computer controls a timer circuit to change the level of a second activate signal between an inactive level and an active level during an active level of a first activate signal. The computer monitors a level of a monitor signal output from the timer circuit to determine whether the level of the second activate signal is turned depending on the change of the second activate signal by the timer circuit based on the monitored level of the monitor signal.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus of high intensity discharge lamp comprises a DC power source, a series connection of a first and a second transistors; a series connection of a first and a second capacitors connected in parallel with the series connection of the transistors; a series connection including at least an inductor and a discharge lamp connected between a connection point of the transistors and another connection point of the capacitors, and a control circuit for switching on and off of the transistors so as to supply electric power to the discharge lamp. A voltage of the first capacitor is set to be higher than that of the second capacitor corresponding to the capacitances of the first and second capacitors. Thus, the pulse height in negative or positive phase of the rectangular alternating voltage applied to the discharge lamp can be increased without increasing the output voltage from the DC power source.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods of preventing and treating diseases wherein the involvement of apoptosis has been indicated.