Abstract: Techniques for imaging radioactive emission in a target volume include receiving data indicating a set of one or more known emission energies associated with a high energy particle source and determining a Compton line for each emission energy in the set. A Compton camera collects location and deposited energy from an interaction associated with a single source event from a target volume of a subject. For the single source event, an earliest deposited energy, E1, and first scattering angle, ?1, and a cone of possible locations for the source event are determined. A particular location for the high energy particle source within the target volume without including the single source event, if E1 is not within a predetermined interval of the Compton line for at least one of known emission energies. A solution is presented on a display device.

Abstract: Techniques for imaging radioactive emission in a target volume include collecting from each of multiple detectors in a Compton camera, within a coincidence time interval, location and deposited energy from an interaction associated with each high energy particle source event in a target volume, for N source events. A cone of possible locations for each source event is determined based on the locations and deposited energies collected. A SOE algorithm is initiated by selecting a random location on the cone and generating a histogram that indicates, a count of the selected locations that occur inside each voxel of the target volume. N solution locations for the N source events are determined after L iterations by updating the selected location on a corresponding cone based at least in part on values of the counts in the histogram excluding the current source event. A solution is presented on a display device.

Abstract: Techniques for imaging radioactive emission in a target volume include receiving data indicating a set of one or more known emission energies associated with a high energy particle source and determining a Compton line for each emission energy in the set. A Compton camera collects location and deposited energy from an interaction associated with a single source event from a target volume of a subject. For the single source event, an earliest deposited energy, E1, and first scattering angle, ?1, and a cone of possible locations for the source event are determined. A particular location for the high energy particle source within the target volume without including the single source event, if E1 is not within a predetermined interval of the Compton line for at least one of known emission energies. A solution is presented on a FILTER display device.

Abstract: Techniques for imaging radioactive emission in a target volume include collecting from each of multiple detectors in a Compton camera, within a coincidence time interval, location and deposited energy from an interaction associated with each high energy particle source event in a target volume, for N source events. A cone of possible locations for each source event is determined based on the locations and deposited energies collected. A SOE algorithm is initiated by selecting a random location on the cone and generating a histogram that indicates, a count of the selected locations that occur inside each voxel of the target volume. N solution locations for the N source events are determined after L iterations by updating the selected location on a corresponding cone based at least in part on values of the counts in the histogram excluding the current source event. A solution is presented on a display device.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation levels in vivo in real time. Apparatus and methods include a scintillating material coupled to a retention member.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a radiation dosimetry apparatus and associated methods for measuring radiation dose. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes multiple scintillating elements for detecting amounts of radiation dose at multiple points within a detection region. Each of the scintillating elements generates light in response to radiation interacting within their volume. A light guide combines the light generated by all of the scintillating elements as well as radiation-induced contaminated optical energy and transmits the combined light to a spectral analysis setup. Multi or hyper-spectral calibration technique allows calculating the dose or dose rate at the positions of the different scintillating elements. The calibration technique isolates the light produced by a given scintillating element from the other scintillating elements as well as any other source of radiation-induced contaminating light.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring three-dimensional radiation dose distributions with high spatial and temporal resolution using a large-volume scintillator. The scintillator converts the radiation dose distribution into a visible light distribution. The visible light is transported to one or more photo-detectors, which measure the light intensity. The light signals are processed to correct for optical artifacts, and the three-dimensional light distribution is reconstructed. The reconstructed light distribution is post-processed to convert light amplitudes to measured radiation doses. The high temporal resolution of the detector makes it possible to observe the evolution of a dynamic dose distribution as it changes over time. Integral dose distributions can be measured by summing the dose over time.

Abstract: A method for generating light intensity inside a tumor to aid in the treatment of diseases such as cancer is disclosed. The light is generated inside the body to perform a modified photodynamic therapy treatment (PDT) that allows treatment of body regions that are inaccessible by normal PDT procedures. In addition, the use of two spatially and temporally coincident treatment modalities, i.e. radiation and PDT, have the potential for significant biological synergy in the tumor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring three-dimensional radiation dose distributions with high spatial and temporal resolution using a large-volume scintillator. The scintillator converts the radiation dose distribution into a visible light distribution. The visible light is transported to one or more photo-detectors, which measure the light intensity. The light signals are processed to correct for optical artifacts, and the three-dimensional light distribution is reconstructed. The reconstructed light distribution is post-processed to convert light amplitudes to measured radiation doses. The high temporal resolution of the detector makes it possible to observe the evolution of a dynamic dose distribution as it changes over time. Integral dose distributions can be measured by summing the dose over time.

Abstract: A liquid scintillator detector for three-dimensional dosimetric measurement of a radiation beam is provided wherein a volumetric phantom liquid scintillator is exposed to the radiation beam to produce light that is captured by the cameras that provide a three-dimensional image of the beam.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for a radiation dosimetry apparatus and associated methods for measuring radiation dose. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes multiple scintillating elements for detecting amounts of radiation dose at multiple points within a detection region. Each of the scintillating elements generates light in response to radiation interacting within their volume. A light guide combines the light generated by all of the scintillating elements as well as radiation-induced contaminated optical energy and transmits the combined light to a spectral analysis setup. Multi or hyper-spectral calibration technique allows calculating the dose or dose rate at the positions of the different scintillating elements. The calibration technique isolates the light produced by a given scintillating element from the other scintillating elements as well as any other source of radiation-induced contaminating light.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation levels in vivo in real time. Apparatus and methods include a scintillating material coupled to a retention member.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation levels in vivo in real time. Apparatus and methods include a scintillating material coupled to a retention member.

Abstract: According to one aspect, methods for validating plastic scintillating detectors (PSD) for photon dosimetry and applications of same. In some embodiments, the method includes using at least one PSD to obtain at least one dose measurement, determining at least one PSD correction factor suitable for compensation for variations in energy response of the at least one PSD over the energy range of interest, and determining at least one corrected dose measurement based on the at least one PSD correction factor. In some embodiments, the PSD may be incorporated into a wearable article, such as gloves, eyewear and the like, or used for skin surface measurements.

Abstract: A method for generating light intensity inside a tumor to aid in the treatment of diseases such as cancer is disclosed. The light is generated inside the body to perform a modified photodynamic therapy treatment (PDT) that allows treatment of body regions that are inaccessible by normal PDT procedures. In addition, the use of two spatially and temporally coincident treatment modalities, i.e. radiation and PDT, have the potential for significant biological synergy in the tumor.

Abstract: A liquid scintillator detector for three-dimensional dosimetric measurement of a radiation beam is provided wherein a volumetric phantom liquid scintillator is exposed to the radiation beam to produce light that is captured by the cameras that provide a three-dimensional image of the beam.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry apparatus and method use a scintillating optical fiber array for detecting dose levels. The scintillating optical fiber detectors generate optical energy in response to a predetermined type of radiation, and are coupled to collection optical fibers that transmit the optical energy to a photo-detector for conversion to an electrical signal. The detectors may be embedded in one or more modular, water-equivalent phantom slabs. A repeatable connector couples the collection fibers to the photo-detector, maintaining the fiber ends in a predetermined spatial relationship. The detector fibers may be distributed as desired in a three-dimensional detection space, and may be oriented with their longitudinal axes at different orientations relative to a transmission axis of an incident radiation beam. A calibration method uses two measurements in two spectral windows, one with irradiation of the scintillator at a known dose and one with only irradiation of the collection fiber.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measuring radiation levels in vivo in real time. Apparatus and methods include a scintillating material coupled to a retention member.

Abstract: A radiation dosimetry apparatus and method use a scintillating optical fiber array for detecting dose levels. The scintillating optical fiber detectors generate optical energy in response to a predetermined type of radiation, and are coupled to collection optical fibers that transmit the optical energy to a photo-detector for conversion to an electrical signal. The detectors may be embedded in one or more modular, water-equivalent phantom slabs. A repeatable connector couples the collection fibers to the photo-detector, maintaining the fiber ends in a predetermined spatial relationship. The detector fibers may be distributed as desired in a three-dimensional detection space, and may be oriented with their longitudinal axes at different orientations relative to a transmission axis of an incident radiation beam. A calibration method uses two measurements in two spectral windows, one with irradiation of the scintillator at a known dose and one with only irradiation of the collection fiber.

Abstract: A method for generating light intensity inside a tumor to aid in the treatment of diseases such as cancer is disclosed. The light is generated inside the body to perform a modified photodynamic therapy treatment (PDT) that allows treatment of body regions that are inaccessible by normal PDT procedures. In addition, the use of two spatially and temporally coincident treatment modalities, i.e. radiation and PDT, have the potential for significant biological synergy in the tumor.