Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a studded pneumatic tire for a vehicle, the tire comprising studs, at least one ply, at least one metal belt, a cap layer forming at least part of a running surface of the studded pneumatic tire, an underlayer made of a first rubber compound, and an intermediate layer made of a second rubber compound, the intermediate layer being arranged, at least partially, between the underlayer and the cap layer, wherein the method comprises steps of forming an annular belt comprising a metal belt, the underlayer, the intermediate layer, and the cap layer, then arranging the annular belt onto an annular carcass comprising the at least one ply to form a preform, vulcanizing the preform, and installing studs. The invention further relates to a studded pneumatic tire for a vehicle.

Abstract: A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks such that grooves are arranged between the tread blocks and studs installed into at least some of the tread blocks. A central region of the tread is arranged between a first shoulder region of the tread and a second shoulder region of the tread. A land ratio of the central region of the tread of the tyre is 1 to 30 percentage points greater than either or both of a land ratio of the first shoulder region of the tread of the tyre and a land ratio of the second shoulder region of the tread of the tyre.

Abstract: A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) having tread blocks (220); a plurality of stud holes (250); and a plurality of studs (100) installed in at least some of the stud holes (250). Studs (100b) in a centre area (CR) of the tyre (200) have higher protrusion from a surface of the tread block (220) than studs (100a) in a shoulder area (SR1, SR2) of the tyre (200).

Abstract: A pneumatic tyre contains a structure wherein a thermally adaptive underlayer is positioned beneath a tread layer and an intermediate layer. The thermally adaptive underlayer is based on a polymer system that containing elastomers with distinct glass transition temperatures sufficiently far apart which exhibit low miscibility towards each other. Due to the tyre construction and the thermally adaptive underlayer, while driving a vehicle, the performance characteristics of the pneumatic tyre adapt to the driving conditions on the road based on the temperature experienced by the thermally adaptive underlayer. This is of particular relevance for a winter tyre, wherein the thermally adaptive underlayer may be used to design an improved tread layer and for a studded pneumatic tyre, wherein the composition and thickness of the thermally adaptive underlayer may control dynamic impact of the stud on a driving surface, when the tyre is in motion.

Abstract: A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks such that grooves are arranged between the tread blocks and studs installed into at least some of the tread blocks. The tread blocks define a land portion of the tread, and an envelope surface consisting of the land portion of the tread and a sea portion. An average land ratio of the tyre defined as a ratio of total land area to total envelope area, is 55% to 78%.

Abstract: A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks; a plurality of stud holes; and a plurality of studs installed in at least some of the stud holes. A constellation of the studs is such that less than two studs are in a line perpendicular to a rolling direction of the tyre. Less than two studs within an area of a footprint are in the same line parallel to the rolling direction. A distance between two adjacent studs is more than 20 mm.

Abstract: A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) and multiple studs (100) in the tread (210) such that at least pins (110) of the studs (100) are exposed on the tread (210). The tyre (200) is configured such that a load index (LI) of the tyre (200) as defined in The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization Standards Manual (2023) table G.7 is from eighty-six to one hundred sixteen (from 86 to 116). The tyre (200) is further configured such that a road wear of the tyre (200) as measured according to the standard SFS7503:2022:en is less than the value calculatable by the polynomial formula ?0.000139×LI2+0.0431×LI?1.90.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a studded pneumatic tire, the method comprising steps of producing an annular carcass by providing a first ply material comprising first cords), wherein the first cords comprise aramid, aramid content of the first cords being at least 50 wt. % of total weight of the first cords, winding at least a layer of the first ply material onto a carcass drum, thereby forming a cylindrical carcass preform, arranging two cables to the cylindrical carcass preform, and expanding the preform, thereby forming the annular carcass, forming a preassembly of belts and a tread, arranging the preassembly of belts and a tread onto the annular carcass to form a preform, vulcanizing the preform, and installing studs. The invention further relates to a studded pneumatic tire.

Abstract: A tyre (200) includes a tread (210) having tread blocks (220) with grooves (230) arranged between the tread blocks (220) and studs (100, 100a, 100b) installed into at least some of the tread blocks (220). A central region (CR) of the tread (210) is arranged between a first shoulder region (SR1) of the tread (210) and a second shoulder region (SR2) of the tread (210). At least some of the tread blocks (220) are provided with sipes (240). The tyre (200) has a first density of sipes (240) in the central region (CR), a second density of sipes (240) in the first shoulder region (SR1), and a third density of sipes (240) in the second shoulder region (SR2). The first density of sipes (240) is at least 15% greater than either or both of the second density of sipes (240) and the third density of sipes (240).