Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure includes footwear with a sole assembly including an abrasion resistant medial arch portion. In various embodiments, a sole assembly can include a primary portion extending across lateral, toe, and heel regions of the sole assembly, and a secondary portion at a medial arch region of the sole assembly. The primary portion can include a first compound having a first durometer and the secondary portion can include a second compound having a second durometer higher than the first durometer. Additionally, the sole assembly can include a dam portion spaced between the primary and secondary portions. The dam portion can include sidewalls that form a recess configured to separate the first compound from the second compound.

Abstract: Traction enhancing devices for footwear assemblies are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a footwear assembly includes a footwear product with an outsole that has one or more embedded traction enhancing devices. Each traction enhancing device can be a stud that is at least partially embedded in the carrier portion of the outsole and that partially projects from the carrier portion. Each stud can be configured to reduce or eliminate relative movement between the stud and the carrier portion to prevent the stud from loosening or falling out. For example, each stud can include a shaft having an engaging surface, such as a threaded, ribbed, or textured surface, that engages the carrier portion. Each stud can also include a portion having an enlarged surface area, such as an anchor or head, embedded in the carrier portion to improve retention of the stud in the carrier portion.

Abstract: A carbon fiber bicycle crank includes an axle lug, having a portion for receiving a crank axle. A foam core is coupled to the axle lug during a first molding process. A pedal engaging lug is coupled to the foam core after the completion of the first molding process, and a carbon fiber composite material exoskeleton is coupled to and disposed exteriorly of the axle lug, foam core and pedal lug.

Abstract: A carbon fiber bicycle crank includes an axle lug, having a portion for receiving a crank axle. A foam core is coupled to the axle lug during a first molding process. A pedal engaging lug is coupled to the foam core after the completion of the first molding process, and a carbon fiber composite material exoskeleton is coupled to and disposed exteriorly of the axle lug, foam core and pedal lug.

Abstract: A carbon fiber bicycle crank includes an axle lug, having a portion for receiving a crank axle. A foam core is coupled to the axle lug during a first molding process. A pedal engaging lug is coupled to the foam core after the completion of the first molding process, and a carbon fiber composite material exoskeleton is coupled to and disposed exteriorly of the axle lug, foam core and pedal lug.