Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a waste incineration apparatus exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while the flue gas is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing the carbonaceous material to thermally decompose.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur dioxide out of a gas is provided. The sulfur dioxide contaminated gas is contacted with an aqueous solution or slurry that contains a reagent, such as sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, in a reactor that may be a spray drier or a quench reactor and a gas having a diminished quantity of sulfur dioxide; unreacted reagent; sulfate reaction product, and which is at a temperature in the range of about 130 to 200 ° F. and a humidity in the range of 10 to 70 percent is produced. Particulate calcium hydroxide is blown into this gas through a device, such as dry venturi. The dry venturi removes aerosols out of the gas and helps ensure that the downstream filter cake is porous and non-tacky. The gas is then passed through a filtering device so that solids in the gas accumulate on the filter device, thus forming a filter cake. At least a portion of the sulfur dioxide in the gas is removed via passage of the gas through this filter cake.

Abstract: A process for removing pollutants is enhanced by using a slurry containing a particulate adsorbent carrying a biologically active material. The pollutant is contacted with the slurry and is adsorbed and biodegraded therein. The slurry is useful in a bioscrubber and provides economical high flow rate treatment of gases.

Abstract: A method for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an effluent or exhaust stream produced by an industrial or commercial process that allows for both adsorption and catalytic destruction of the VOCs. The method utilizes a bed containing both adsorbent material and catalytic material, either as an admixture or as separate layers of the two materials. During the preferred mode of operation, one section of the bed collects VOCs from the effluent while simultaneously, in another section of the bed, collected VOCs are destroyed and the bed material is regenerated. This process can continuously eliminate VOCs from an effluent without interruption by rotating the bed through the adsorption and regeneration zones or by rotary feeding of the effluent and an oxygen containing gas to different portions of the bed.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a flue gas stream with an upflow quench reactor, a dry venturi and a baghouse. The lime slurry used in the quench reactor is doped which enhances the neutralization reaction in the dry venturi and the bag filter. The use of the dry venturi allows a substantial buildup of solids on the filter wherein the baghouse functions as a fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: A combustion flue gas stream containing dioxins, some of which are in the vapor phase, is cooled to between 100.degree. C. and 110.degree. C. The dioxins in the vapor phase are converted to suspended particulates which are subsequently captured and then thermally destroyed.

Abstract: Submicron particulates are removed from an effluent gaseous stream by nucleation. The nucleation is effected at isothermal conditions by varying the static pressure of the gas.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for neutralizing hot acid gases is disclosed. Prior to neutralizing the gas, it is introduced into a zone, e.g., a cyclone to establish an upwardly, generaly spiral gas stream. This gas motion permits removal from the gas of larger particles which concentrate at the cyclone wall by centrifugal forces. The upwardly-moving gas stream which may or may not have a spiral motion is contacted with an upwardly-moving spray of a basic neutralizing liquid or slurry under conditions such that the spray droplets moderately overcome gravitational forces such that they experience a sufficiently long residence time in the cyclone to be evaporated to dryness. The product gas from the cyclone then can be treated further to remove small particles and salt product.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of an effluent gaseous stream from a Kraft Recovery Boiler or the like. The effluent stream passes through a venturi section where nucleation of the particulates is initiated and larger particles collected. Subsequently, the stream flows from the venturi section with the nucleated particulates and is scrubbed to remove the particulates, TRS and sulfur dioxide. A portion of the bottoms from the packed section is recycled back to the venturi section as 15-25% dissolved solids by weight. The total solids of the liquid stream in the venturi section is maintained at 1-5% above saturation. Further concentration of a slipstream is achieved by cyclonic separation or filtration. The pH in the venturi section is controlled to agglomerate the suspended solids. The bottoms from the venturi section are subsequently concentrated externally to the venturi section to between 40-60% solids.

Abstract: A dry method and apparatus for treating an effluent gas stream in order to facilitate the removal therefrom by conventional means of contaminating particulates, particularly those in the submicron range. Target particulates which are larger than the submicron contaminating particulates are dispersed in a secondary gas stream. The secondary gas stream is then introduced into the effluent gas stream. The manner of introduction is such that the contaminating particulates impact with and are captured on the larger target particulates. The target particulates and the contaminating particulates inertially impacted thereon are then separated from the combined effluent and secondary gas streams by conventional gas cleaning equipment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for neutralizing hot acid gases is disclosed. Prior to neutralizing the gas, it is introduced into a zone, e.g., a cyclone to establish an upwardly, generally spiral gas stream. This gas motion permits removal from the gas of larger particles which concentrate at the cyclone wall by centifugal forces. The upwardly-moving gas stream which may or may not have a spiral motion is contacted with an upwardly-moving spray of a basic neutralizing liquid or slurry under conditions such that the spray droplets moderately overcome gravitational forces such that they experience a sufficiently long residence time in the cyclone to be evaporated to dryness. The product gas from the cyclone then can be treated further to remove small particles and salt product.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are described for an improved treatment of gases effluent from an ammonia phosphoric acid reactor in the manufacture of fertilizers. Ammonia is scrubbed from the gases with aqueous acid, preferably concentrated phosphoric acid, and particulates are captured and removed by contact with solid target particulates, preferably alkaline nephaline syenite. Pond water scrubbing is reduced or eliminated with improved costs and recoveries, secondary pollution is minimized, and land is conserved.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCl, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCl, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCL, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.