Abstract: Derivatized malachite green leuco dyes for use in radio-chromic systems are described. The dyes have the following structure: in which Ar is a substituted phenyl or thiophene ring in which at least one substitution of the Ar ring is not ortho to the bond between the ring and the linking carbon, and in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from methyl, alkyl, or alkyl halide. The systems include the dyes in conjunction with an activator, e.g., a halogenated activator, and a carrier, e.g., a fluid carrier or an encapsulating polymeric matrix.

Abstract: Methods and systems for use in additive manufacturing are described. Methods include heating a precursor material in a mixing area upstream of a print head nozzle. An energy emission is delivered to the precursor material prior to extrusion at the nozzle. The energy emission encouraging reaction of components in the precursor material to form a solid product of the extrudate such as a polymer, a crosslinked polymeric matrix, and/or a particulate. Systems include a mixing area upstream of a nozzle and an energy source configured to deliver an emission into the mixing area at or near the nozzle outlet.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions for use in nuclear applications that exhibit long-lasting protection from degradation in the presence of oxygen (e.g., air) and high energy radiation, even when utilized in high temperature applications are described. The polymeric compositions include a particulate additive that incorporates a zinc-based solid-state antioxidant. The antioxidant can be a binary or ternary zinc-based material that can include one or more additional metals and optionally can include oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional carbon structure. The method requires graphene layers and/or graphene oxide layers. The layers can be provided such that they correspond to the cross-section of a pre-defined shape. In this regard, the method of the present invention can be employed to manufacture a three-dimensional carbon structure having a custom shape.

Abstract: Derivatized malachite green leuco dyes for use in radio-chromic systems are described. The dyes have the following structure: in which Ar is a substituted phenyl or thiophene ring in which at least one substitution of the Ar ring is not ortho to the bond between the ring and the linking carbon, and in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from methyl, alkyl, or alkyl halide. The systems include the dyes in conjunction with an activator, e.g., a halogenated activator, and a carrier, e.g., a fluid carrier or an encapsulating polymeric matrix.

Abstract: Superconductive fullerenes, methods for enhancing characteristics of superconductive fullerenes and devices incorporating the fullerenes are disclosed. Enhancements can include increase in the critical transition temperature at a constant magnetic field; the existence of a superconducting hysteresis over a changing magnetic field; a decrease in the stabilizing magnetic field required for the onset of superconductivity; and/or an increase in the stability of superconductivity over a large magnetic field. The enhancements can be brought about by transmitting electromagnetic radiation to the superconductive fullerene such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the fullerene with an energy that is greater than the band gap of the fullerene.

Abstract: Alpha/beta radiation barrier materials and structures formed to include the barrier materials are described. Barrier materials include a matrix and particulate materials contained in the matrix. The particulates include alpha/beta radiation absorbers. Alpha/beta radiation absorbers of the barrier materials can be molecular, particulates, or defined nanostructures that are capable of absorbing incident alpha/beta particle energies. Matrix materials can include organic or inorganic materials including thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, glasses, ceramics, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional carbon structure. The method requires graphene layers and/or graphene oxide layers. The layers can be provided such that they correspond to the cross-section of a pre-defined shape. In this regard, the method of the present invention can be employed to manufacture a three-dimensional carbon structure having a custom shape.

Abstract: Radiological containment bags for use in storing alpha particle emitting waste are described. The radiological containment bags are formed of a multilayer film with an inner layer of the film being a sacrificial layer that lies between the interior of the bag and a structural polymeric layer. The sacrificial layer includes a flexible composite material that in turn includes a polymeric matrix and an alpha particle energy absorber incorporated in the polymeric matrix. The sacrificial layer can include a chromophore that can detect early degradation of the sacrificial material.

Abstract: Alpha/beta radiation barrier materials and structures formed to include the barrier materials are described. Barrier materials include a matrix and particulate materials contained in the matrix. The particulates include alpha/beta radiation absorbers. Alpha/beta radiation absorbers of the barrier materials can be molecular, particulates, or defined nanostructures that are capable of absorbing incident alpha/beta particle energies. Matrix materials can include organic or inorganic materials including thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, glasses, ceramics, etc.

Abstract: Superconductive fullerenes, methods for enhancing characteristics of superconductive fullerenes and devices incorporating the fullerenes are disclosed. Enhancements can include increase in the critical transition temperature at a constant magnetic field; the existence of a superconducting hysteresis over a changing magnetic field; a decrease in the stabilizing magnetic field required for the onset of superconductivity; and/or an increase in the stability of superconductivity over a large magnetic field. The enhancements can be brought about by transmitting electromagnetic radiation to the superconductive fullerene such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the fullerene with an energy that is greater than the band gap of the fullerene.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing characteristics of superconductive fullerenes and devices incorporating the fullerenes are disclosed. Enhancements can include increase in the critical transition temperature at a constant magnetic field; the existence of a superconducting hysteresis over a changing magnetic field; a decrease in the stabilizing magnetic field required for the onset of superconductivity; and/or an increase in the stability of superconductivity over a large magnetic field. The enhancements can be brought about by transmitting electromagnetic radiation to the superconductive fullerene such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the fullerene with an energy that is greater than the band gap of the fullerene.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing characteristics of superconductive fullerenes and devices incorporating the fullerenes are disclosed. Enhancements can include increase in the critical transition temperature at a constant magnetic field; the existence of a superconducting hysteresis over a changing magnetic field; a decrease in the stabilizing magnetic field required for the onset of superconductivity; and/or an increase in the stability of superconductivity over a large magnetic field. The enhancements can be brought about by transmitting electromagnetic radiation to the superconductive fullerene such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the fullerene with an energy that is greater than the band gap of the fullerene.

Abstract: Radiological containment bags for use in storing alpha particle emitting waste are described. The radiological containment bags are formed of a multilayer film with an inner layer of the film being a sacrificial layer that lies between the interior of the bag and a structural polymeric layer. The sacrificial layer includes a flexible composite material that in turn includes a polymeric matrix and an alpha particle energy absorber incorporated in the polymeric matrix. The sacrificial layer can include a chromophore that can detect early degradation of the sacrificial material.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided to illustrate the manipulation of the internal electric field of CZT using multiple wavelength light illumination on the crystal surface at RT. The control of the internal electric field is shown through the polarization in the IR transmission image under illumination as a result of the Pockels effect.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided to illustrate the manipulation of the internal electric field of CZT using multiple wavelength light illumination on the crystal surface at RT. The control of the internal electric field is shown through the polarization in the IR transmission image under illumination as a result of the Pockels effect.