Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to locate magnetic field sensors. In some examples, a system comprises a controller, a sensor mount, a coil set comprising one or more coils, and a magnetic field sensor. The sensor mount mounts the magnetic field sensor and constrains at least one degree of freedom of the magnetic field sensor in position or orientation. The controller supplies electric current to the coil set. The coil set generates magnetic waves that form at least one coil magnetic field in response to receiving the current. The magnetic field sensor measures the strength of the coil magnetic field. The controller locates the magnetic field sensor based on the constraint and the measured strength of the coil magnetic field.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein comprise systems and methods to locate magnetic field sensors. In some examples, a system comprises a controller, a sensor mount, a coil set comprising one or more coils, and a magnetic field sensor. The sensor mount mounts the magnetic field sensor and constrains at least one degree of freedom of the magnetic field sensor in position or orientation. The controller supplies electric current to the coil set. The coil set generates magnetic waves that form at least one coil magnetic field in response to receiving the current. The magnetic field sensor measures the strength of the coil magnetic field. The controller locates the magnetic field sensor based on the constraint and the measured strength of the coil magnetic field.

Abstract: A passive continuity monitoring device is disclosed. This device can be used to protect a lock or other locking device and to indicate when a breach of the lock has occurred. The lock can include a connector with a magnet at one end spaced from an other magnet. The connector can be held in tension when the lock is engaged to maintain the spacing between the magnets. A breach in the loop of the system will cause the magnets to touch and complete a circuit. The completion of the circuit can trigger an alarm, can take a picture of the surrounding area, and can transmit a signal to interested parties.

Abstract: A passive continuity monitoring device is disclosed. This device can be used to protect a lock or other locking device and to indicate when a breach of the lock has occurred. The lock can include a connector with a magnet at one end spaced from an other magnet. The connector can be held in tension when the lock is engaged to maintain the spacing between the magnets. A breach in the loop of the system will cause the magnets to touch and complete a circuit. The completion of the circuit can trigger an alarm, can take a picture of the surrounding area, and can transmit a signal to interested parties.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a plant cultivation system using natural light and artificial light and, more specifically, to a multilayer plant cultivation system having multiple layers of which the upper layer uses natural lighting and the lower layer uses artificial lighting, thereby cultivating plants. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation system has a cultivation zone formed in multiple layers of which the uppermost layer uses natural lighting and the lower layer uses artificial lighting, so as to perform plant cultivation, thereby providing an effect of maximizing the efficiency of a plant cultivation space.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device may include a substrate and a plurality of lines on the substrate. The semiconductor device may include a dielectric layer on the substrate and adjacent the plurality of lines. The semiconductor device may include a connection element in the dielectric layer. In some embodiments, the semiconductor device may include a plurality of contacts on the connection element, and a conductive interconnection on one of the plurality of contacts that are on the connection element and on a contact that is spaced apart from the connection element.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device may include a substrate and a plurality of lines on the substrate. The semiconductor device may include a dielectric layer on the substrate and adjacent the plurality of lines. The semiconductor device may include a connection element in the dielectric layer. In some embodiments, the semiconductor device may include a plurality of contacts on the connection element, and a conductive interconnection on one of the plurality of contacts that are on the connection element and on a contact that is spaced apart from the connection element.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. The semiconductor device includes conductive patterns vertically stacked on a substrate to be spaced apart from each other, and pad patterns electrically connected to respective ones of the conductive patterns. Each of the pad patterns includes a flat portion extending from an end of the conductive pattern in a first direction parallel with the substrate and a landing sidewall portion upwardly extending from an end of the flat portion. A width of a portion of the landing sidewall portion in a second direction parallel with the substrate and perpendicular to the first direction is less than a width of the flat portion in the second direction. The related methods are also provided.