Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using inorganic spent acids for treatment of triglyceride-containing feeds to remove phosphorus and/or metals. The spent acid can correspond to an acid that has previously been used in a refinery process and/or another process for treatment of a hydrocarbon-like feed, so that the spent acid contains 0.5 vol % to 10 vol % of organic contaminants. These organic contaminants can correspond to hydrocarbon-like compounds that are formed during a prior acid treatment process. A treated triglyceride-containing product can then be recovered by separation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for using molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) to reduce, minimize, and/or avoid CO2 emissions in a marine vessel environment. The systems and methods can include operation of MCFCs on a marine vessel under high fuel utilization conditions in order to provide power and capture CO2. The high fuel utilization conditions can allow for mitigation of CO2 over extended periods of time in spite of the challenges of performing CO2 mitigation in a potentially isolated environment such as a marine vessel. Additionally, the high fuel utilization can also reduce or minimize exhaust of fuels, such as methane, to the environment.

Abstract: In various aspects, molten carbonate fuel cell configurations are provided that include a reforming catalyst and alkali traps integrated with one or more structures within the anode gas-collection volume. The purpose of the reforming catalyst is to reform methane (or some other reformable fuel) into hydrogen. In operation, alkali metals may migrate from the fuel cell electrolyte into the anode. Unless trapped, the alkali metals may deactivate the reforming catalyst. The alkali trap prolongs the operating life of reforming catalyst within the anode volume by capturing some portion of the alkali metal in the anode gas-collection volume. This reduces an amount of alkali metal that interacts with the reforming catalyst in the anode gas-collection volume. The prolonged life of the reforming catalyst prevents a decrease in catalyst activity.

Abstract: Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous entities comprising a multidentate organic ligand coordinated to multiple metal centers, typically as a coordination polymer. Crystallization may be problematic in some instances when secondary binding sites are present in the multidentate organic ligand. Multidentate organic ligands comprising first and second binding sites bridged together with a third binding site comprising a diimine moiety may alleviate these issues, particularly when using a preformed metal cluster as a metal source to form a MOF. Such MOFs may comprise a plurality of metal centers, and a multidentate organic ligand coordinated to the plurality of metal centers to define an at least partially crystalline network structure having a plurality of internal pores, and in which the multidentate organic ligand comprises first and second binding sites bridged together with a third binding site comprising a diimine moiety.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: Molten carbonate fuel cell structures are provided that include a structural mesh support layer at the interface between the surface of the cathode and the cathode current collector. The structural mesh layer can have a mesh open area of 25% to 45%. In addition to providing structural support, the structural mesh layer can reduce or minimize ohmic resistance at the interface between the cathode and the cathode current collector.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides base stocks and or diesel fuel, and processes for producing such base stocks and or diesel fuel by polymerizing alpha-olefins and internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes: i) introducing, neat or in the presence of a solvent, a feed comprising a branched C5-C30 internal olefin, with a catalyst compound comprising a group 8, 9, 10, or 11 transition metal and at least one heteroatom; and ii) obtaining a C6-C100 polyolefin product having one olefin, a methylene content of from about 1 wt. % to about 98 wt. %, and or a methyl content of from about 1 wt. % to about 75 wt. %. The feed may further include a linear C4-C30 internal olefin, a C2-C30 alpha-olefin, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides base stocks and or diesel fuel, and processes for producing such base stocks and or diesel fuel by polymerizing alpha-olefins and internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes: i) introducing, neat or in the presence of a solvent, a feed comprising a branched C5-C30 internal olefin, with a catalyst compound comprising a group 8, 9, 10, or 11 transition metal and at least one heteroatom and ii) obtaining a C6-C100 polyolefin product having one olefin, a methylene content of from about 1 wt % to about 98 wt %, and or a methyl content of from about 1 wt % to about 75 wt %. The feed may further include a linear C4-C30 internal olefin, a C2-C30 alpha-olefin, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides base stocks and processes for producing such basestocks by polymerizing internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides base stocks, comprising low molecular weight polyolefin products, having one or more of improved flow, low temperature properties, and thickening efficiency. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a feedstream comprising C4-C30 internal-olefins with a catalyst system comprising a nickel diimine catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. The method includes obtaining a C6-C100 polyolefin product having one or more of a carbon fraction of epsilon-carbons of from about 0.08 to about 0.3, as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy, based on the total carbon content of the polyolefin product.

Abstract: The application relates to processes and systems that use a furfural compound for producing five-membered carbocyclic rings that are unsaturated, such as cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene. Examples methods for conversion of furfural compounds may include converting a furfural compound to at least a five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring, and converting the five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring in a presence of a catalyst to at least a five-membered, unsaturated carbocyclic ring.

Abstract: Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) are highly porous entities comprising a multidentate organic ligand coordinated to multiple metal centers, typically as a coordination polymer. Crystallization may be problematic in some instances when secondary binding sites are present in the multidentate organic ligand. Multidentate organic ligands comprising first and second binding sites bridged together with a third binding site comprising a diimine moiety may alleviate these issues, particularly when using a preformed metal cluster as a metal source to form a MOF. Such MOFs may comprise a plurality of metal centers, and a multidentate organic ligand coordinated to the plurality of metal centers to define an at least partially crystalline network structure having a plurality of internal pores, and in which the multidentate organic ligand comprises first and second binding sites bridged together with a third binding site comprising a diimine moiety.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the removal of hydrogen from a mixture. The process can be performed by contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen, oxygen, and one or more organic compounds with a synthetic zeolite to produce water or steam. The synthetic zeolite can include Si and Al and has a SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratio of greater than 4:1, an 8-membered ring zeolite having a framework type of AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, CDO, DDR, EDI, ERI, IHW, ITE, ITW, KFI, MER, MTF, MWF, LEV, LTA, PAU, PWN, RHO, SFW or UFI, a degree of crystallinity of at least 80% as measured by ASTM D535-197, and at least 0.01 wt % of at least one catalytic metal, based on a weight of the synthetic zeolite, where the at least one catalytic metal can include Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Mo, W, Re, Co, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ce, Ga, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof. At least 95% of the catalytic metal can be disposed within a plurality of pores of the synthetic zeolite.

Abstract: This application relates to transfer hydrogenation between light alkanes and olefins, and, more particularly, embodiments related to an integrated olefin production system and process which can produce higher carbon number olefins from corresponding alkanes. Examples methods may include reacting at least a portion of the ethylene and the at least one alkane via transfer hydrogenation to produce at least a mixed product stream comprising generated ethane from at least a portion of the ethylene, unreacted ethylene, and an olefin corresponding to the at least one alkane.

Abstract: A method for making a polymer, having the steps of (a) polymerizing one or more monomers in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst to form a reaction product; (b) removing an effluent from the reaction product, where the effluent comprises an active catalyst and one or more unreacted monomers; (c) combining a quench, comprising carbon dioxide, with the effluent to form a quenched polymer stream, having a carboxyl metal complex; and (d) recovering a polymer from the quenched polymer stream.

Abstract: The application relates to processes and systems that use a furfural compound for producing five-membered carbocyclic rings that are unsaturated, such as cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene. Examples methods for conversion of furfural compounds may include converting a furfural compound to at least a five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring, and converting the five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring in a presence of a catalyst to at least a five-membered, unsaturated carbocyclic ring.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the removal of hydrogen from a mixture. The process can be performed by contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen, oxygen, and one or more organic compounds with a synthetic zeolite to produce water or steam. The synthetic zeolite can include Si and Al and has a SiO2:Al2O3 molar ratio of greater than 4:1, an 8-membered ring zeolite having a framework type of AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, CDO, DDR, EDI, ERI, IHW, ITE, ITW, KFI, MER, MTF, MWF, LEV, LTA, PAU, PWN, RHO, SFW or UFI, a degree of crystallinity of at least 80% as measured by ASTM D535-197, and at least 0.01 wt % of at least one catalytic metal, based on a weight of the synthetic zeolite, where the at least one catalytic metal can include Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Mo, W, Re, Co, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ce, Ga, alloys thereof, or mixtures thereof. At least 95% of the catalytic metal can be disposed within a plurality of pores of the synthetic zeolite.

Abstract: This application relates to transfer hydrogenation between light alkanes and olefins, and, more particularly, embodiments related to an integrated olefin production system and process which can produce higher carbon number olefins from corresponding alkanes. Examples methods may include reacting at least a portion of the ethylene and the at least one alkane via transfer hydrogenation to produce at least a mixed product stream comprising generated ethane from at least a portion of the ethylene, unreacted ethylene, and an olefin corresponding to the at least one alkane.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the preparation of diphenyl compounds, especially dimethylbiphenyl compounds, in which there is one methyl group on each ring, and their oxidized analogues. These compounds, and particularly alkylated biphenyl compounds and biphenylcarboxylic acids, alcohols and esters, are useful intermediates in the production of a variety of commercially valuable products, including polyesters and plasticizers for PVC and other polymer compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides base stocks and or diesel fuel, and processes for producing such base stocks and or diesel fuel by polymerizing alpha-olefins and internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes: i) introducing, neat or in the presence of a solvent, a feed comprising a branched C5-C30 internal olefin, with a catalyst compound comprising a group 8, 9, 10, or 11 transition metal and at least one heteroatom and ii) obtaining a C6-C100 polyolefin product having one olefin, a methylene content of from about 1 wt % to about 98 wt %, and or a methyl content of from about 1 wt % to about 75 wt %. The feed may further include a linear C4-C30 internal olefin, a C2-C30 alpha-olefin, or a mixture thereof.