Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for pressure-regulated melting are disclosed. A vessel includes a solids inlet, a fluids outlet, a cavity, and an energy source. Solids enter the vessel through the solids inlet. The cavity has an internal pressure. A backpressure is induced in the solids inlet. The energy source heats the vessel, the contents of the vessel, or a combination thereof. The rate of heating of the energy source is matched to a feed rate of the solids such that the solids are melted directly to a product liquid at the internal pressure. The product liquid passes through the fluids outlet through a restriction that maintains the internal pressure in the cavity.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for pressure-regulated melting are disclosed. A vessel includes a solids inlet, a fluids outlet, a cavity, and a melting device. Solids enter the vessel through the solids inlet. The cavity has an internal pressure. The solids inlet has a reducer that produces a first back pressure on the solids in the solids inlet. The melting device heats the vessel, the contents of the vessel, or a combination thereof. The heating rate of the melting device is matched to the feed rate of the solids such that the solids are melted directly to a product liquid at the internal pressure. The product liquid passes through the fluids outlet through a restriction that maintains the internal pressure in the cavity.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for pressure-regulated melting are disclosed. A vessel includes a solids inlet, a fluids outlet, a cavity, and a warm fluids inlet. Solids enter the vessel through the solids inlet. The cavity has an internal pressure. Warm fluids enter the vessel through the warm fluids inlet. The warm liquid being directed into the vessel provides an inlet pressure that produces a backpressure in the solids inlet. A feed rate of the warm liquid is matched to a feed rate of the solids such that the solids are melted directly to a product liquid at the internal pressure. The product liquid is passed out of the vessel through a restriction that maintains the internal pressure in the cavity.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for siphoning heat exchange or reaction for solids production are disclosed. Passing a contact fluid through a siphoning device, wherein the siphoning device is made of a contact fluid inlet, a carrier fluid inlet, and an outlet, and wherein the contact fluid passes through the contact fluid inlet, inducing a siphon in the carrier fluid inlet. This siphon then siphons a carrier fluid through the carrier fluid inlet and into the contact fluid. The carrier fluid is, in part, made of a first component. The carrier fluid and the contact fluid mix. This mixing produces a product solid, wherein the product solid is produced from the first component by desublimation, condensation, solidification, crystallization, precipitation, reaction with the contact fluid, or a combination thereof of at least a portion of the first component. The product solid passes through the outlet.

Abstract: A method for continuously removing water vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. This method includes, first, causing direct contact of the carrier gas with a liquid mixture in a separation chamber, the carrier gas condensing at a lower temperature than the water vapor. A combination of chemical effects cause the water vapor to condense, complex, or both condense and complex with the liquid mixture.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for melting solids are disclosed. A vessel includes a solids inlet, a plunger, one or more fluid jets, and a fluid outlet. Solids are passed through the solids inlet into the vessel. The plunger is positioned adjacent to the solids inlet to provide a variable gap between the plunger and the solids inlet. The variable gap provides a restriction producing a back pressure at the solids inlet. Hot fluid is injected into the vessel by fluid jets. The one or more fluid jets enter the vessel and end adjacent to the variable gap. The hot fluid melts at least a portion of the solids.

Abstract: A method for removal of a foulant from a carrier gas is disclosed. A solids conveyance device that spans a vessel is provided, comprising an enclosed section and a filtering section. A cryogenic liquid and the carrier gas are provided to the enclosed section. The foulant condenses, dissolves, or desublimates into the cryogenic liquid, forming a cryogenic slurry and a foulant-depleted carrier gas entrained in the cryogenic slurry. The solids conveyance device advances the cryogenic slurry into the filtering section. The foulant-depleted carrier gas leaves the vessel through an upper portion of the permeable exterior wall and a warmed cryogenic liquid is removed from the cryogenic slurry through a lower portion of the permeable exterior wall, resulting in a solid foulant that is passed out of the solids outlet. In this manner, the foulant is removed from the carrier gas.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for removing a component from a fluid are disclosed. A feed fluid is heated by passing the feed fluid through a heating path of a first indirect-contact heat exchanger (ICHE). The feed fluid contains a first component. The fluid is heated from a first temperature to a second temperature, resulting in a heated feed fluid. The heated feed fluid is passed through a desiccator, containing a desiccant. The first component is bound up to the desiccant, resulting in a stripped-heated feed fluid. The stripped-heated feed fluid is cooled by passing the stripped-heated feed fluid through a cooling path of the first indirect-contact heat exchanger (ICHE). The stripped-heated feed fluid is cooled from a second temperature to a third temperature, the third temperature being greater than the first temperature, producing a product fluid.

Abstract: A device for bubbling a gas into a liquid is disclosed. The device comprises a first bubbling apparatus nested inside a second bubbling apparatus. The first bubbling apparatus comprises a gas inlet for receiving the gas and a plurality of first openings for releasing the gas. The second bubbling apparatus at least partially encloses the plurality of first openings of the first bubbling apparatus. The second bubbling apparatus receives the gas from the plurality of first openings. The second bubbling apparatus comprises a plurality of second openings for bubbling the gas into the liquid.

Abstract: A system and a method for removing solid buildup from a filter media is disclosed. A slurry is passed parallel across a cross-flow filter, the filter comprising a conductive filter media and the slurry comprising a carrier liquid and solids. A portion of the carrier liquid crosses through the filter media as a permeate while a thickened slurry continues parallel to the filter media. A blockage of at least a portion of the filter media is detected. The blockage comprises a portion of the solids. At least a portion of the filter media is heated to a melting temperature of the solids, such that a portion of the blockage melts, whereby the blockage is cleared.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for a heat exchanger and operation of a heat exchanger are disclosed. The heat exchanger comprises a chamber with a plurality of fluid inlets and a plurality of fluid outlets. The chamber comprises plates, the plates being parallel and defining fluid plenums between each of the plates. The fluid plenums define a fluid flow path, wherein each of the fluid plenums are aligned with one of the plurality of fluid inlets, one of the plurality of fluid outlets, a fluid path between at least two of the fluid plenums, or a combination thereof. The plates are mounted on guides perpendicular to a plane of the plates. The plates move along the guides due to changes in pressure in the fluid plenums, application of an external force to the one or more plates, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A device for producing droplets is disclosed. A disk assembly comprising a first disk mounted to a second disk is provided. The first disk comprises first openings. The second disk comprises second openings. The first openings and the second openings alternately align with one another such that, as a liquid passes through the first openings and the second openings, the liquid falls as a droplet as the first openings and the second openings skew apart.

Abstract: A device and a method for contacting gases and liquids in the presence of entrained solids is disclosed. A vertical, cylindrical vessel of a first diameter with a bubbling apparatus is provided comprising an outer apparatus diameter, surrounded by an annular space, a height above the bottom of the vessel. The outer apparatus diameter is between ? and ¾ of the first diameter. The height is less than ½ of the difference between the first diameter and the outer apparatus diameter. The carrier gas bubbles upward out of the bubbling apparatus. A fluid passing through the vessel transitions from turbulent, to laminar or transitional, back to turbulent flow due to the changes in flow path areas.

Abstract: A method for continuously removing carbon dioxide vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. This method includes, first, causing direct contact of the carrier gas with a liquid mixture in a separation chamber, the carrier gas condensing at a lower temperature than the carbon dioxide vapor. A combination of chemical effects cause the carbon dioxide to condense, complex, or both condense and complex with the liquid mixture.

Abstract: A method for separating a vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. An air-sparged hydrocyclone is provided with a porous sparger covered by an outer gas plenum. A cryogenic liquid is provided to the tangential feed inlet at a velocity that induces a tangential flow and a cyclone vortex in the cyclone. The carrier gas is injected into the air-sparged hydrocyclone through the porous sparger. The vapor dissolves, condenses, desublimates, or a combination thereof, forming a vapor-depleted carrier gas and a vapor-enriched cryogenic liquid. The vapor-depleted gas is drawn through a vortex finder while the vapor-enriched cryogenic liquid is drawn through an apex nozzle outlet. In this manner, the vapor is removed from the carrier gas.

Abstract: A method for separating a vapor from a carrier gas is disclosed. A hydrocyclone is provided with one or more nozzles on the wall of the hydrocyclone. A cryogenic liquid is provided to the tangential feed inlet at a velocity that induces a tangential flow and a cyclone vortex in the hydrocyclone. The carrier gas is injected into the hydrocyclone through the one or more nozzles. The vapor dissolves, condenses, desublimates, or a combination thereof, forming a vapor-depleted carrier gas and a vapor-enriched cryogenic liquid. The vapor-depleted gas is drawn through the vortex finder while the vapor-enriched cryogenic liquid is drawn through the apex nozzle outlet. In this manner, the vapor is removed from the carrier gas.

Abstract: A device and process for removing vapors from a gas is disclosed. A tower is provided. Sub-cooled pellets are distributed by the solids distributor across a horizontal cross-section of the tower. A process gas, comprising a product vapor, passes through the gas inlet. The product vapor and the sub-cooled pellets comprise the same material. The product vapor and the sub-cooled pellets agglomerate as the product vapor desublimates onto the sub-cooled pellets, forming product pellets and a vapor-depleted gas. A crushing device, a screening device, and a solids heat exchanger are provided. A portion of the product pellets are recycled as sub-cooled pellets to the solids distributor by crushing and screening the portion of the product pellets to the size distribution of the sub-cooled pellets and cooling the portion of the product pellets to produce the sub-cooled pellets.

Abstract: A process and device for separating a vapor from a gas is disclosed. A direct-contact exchanger comprising a droplet-generating apparatus in a top portion of the exchanger and a bubbling apparatus in a bottom portion of the exchanger is provided. An inlet gas, comprising a vapor, is passed through the bubbling apparatus, forming bubbles in a bottoms liquid. The bottoms liquid strips a portion of the vapor and exchanges heat with the bubbles, producing a product liquid and a middle gas. A barren liquid is passed through the droplet-generating apparatus to form droplets of the barren liquid in the top portion. The droplets descend against the middle gas and strip a second portion of the vapor from and exchange heat with the middle gas, producing the bottoms liquid, which collects in the bottom portion, and a product gas.

Abstract: A device is disclosed comprising a pinchable hose with an inner wall and an outer wall. The hose comprises a flexible material and one or more springs. A central axis of the one or more springs is contained within a space between the inner wall and the outer wall of the hose.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a heat exchanger and one or more induction heating elements is disclosed. The heat exchanger comprises a coolant side conduit and a process side conduit, the process side conduit being susceptible to fouling by at least partial desublimation, condensation, crystallization, deposition, or combinations thereof of a fouling component of a circulating process fluid. An electrically conductive first metal is disposed adjacent to the process side conduit. The one or more induction heating elements are disposed proximate to the heat exchanger. The one or more induction heating elements are connected to a source of electrical current. When the electrical current flows through the induction heating elements, eddy currents are induced in the first metal, heating the first metal such that the fouling component sublimates, melts, absorbs, or a combination thereof into the circulating process fluid.