Abstract: A moldable metering pin for an energy absorber unit includes an integral base having a plurality of openings. The base is press-fitted in an outer cylinder of the unit. The openings in the base prevent the formation of air pockets between the base and an end cap of the outer cylinder. During impact, fluid in a rear chamber passes to the end cap, thereby reducing fluid forces on the base of the metering pin.

Abstract: A telescopic energy absorbing unit that operatively interconnects the bumper and the frame of the vehicle which incorporates an elastomeric energy absorbing medium within the tubular components of the unit and a resilient preload piston in series therewith to assure preload of the bumper and its assured positioning at a station outwardly after permanent foreshortening is experienced in the elastomer energy absorbing medium subsequent to its deflection from an impact load.

Abstract: Energy absorbing unit for vehicle bumper support having inner and outer telescoping cylinders with a radially fixed flow control orifice in the piston cap for recessing a cooperating metering pin concentric with the orifice for controlling the flow of fluid between a pair of contractible and expansible fluid chambers to dissipate impact energy in a first stage operation. The radially fixed flow control orifice is designed to break away from the piston cap in response to predetermined high pressure buildup in one of the chambers to increase the opening between the chambers in a second stage operation to thereby reduce pressure and absorb the energy of increased impact load. A gas spring in the unit moves the two cylinders to their extended position on removal of bumper impact load.