Abstract: In accordance with implementations, a communication device communicates a traffic management and monitoring (TMM) message over a TMM transport channel. The TMM transport channel is a user plane-based transport channel using a TMM quality of service (QoS) flow different from a user data QoS flow for user data transmission, or using a data radio bearer (DRB) between the UE and a base station and a general packet radio service tunneling protocol (GTP) user (GTP-U) protocol between the base station and the UPF network entity. Alternatively, the transport channel is a control plane-based transport channel using a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling between the UE and a session management function (SMF) network entity and a packet forwarding control protocol (PFCP) between the SMF network entity and the UPF network entity.

Abstract: According to implementations, a first network function entity receives a first Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) service request message from an application function entity. The first AIoT service request message includes AIoT operation type indication and group operation indication. The first network function entity constructs a second AIoT service request message based on the first AIoT service request message. The first network function entity sends the second AIoT service request message. The first network function entity receives one or more responses from a group of AIoT devices. The first network function entity sends, to the application function entity, summary information based on the one or more responses from the group of AIoT devices.

Abstract: According to embodiments, an ISMF entity receives, from an ISAC service client, a sensing service request for an ISAC service or an ISAC operation. The sensing service request includes service information for at least one sensing entity associated with the ISAC service or the ISAC operation. The ISMF entity conducts an authorization procedure to obtain sensing service authorization to authorize the ISAC service or the ISAC operation. The ISMF entity coordinates sensing in accordance with an authorization result of the authorization procedure and the sensing service request.

Abstract: According to implementations, a federated learning (FL) server network entity receives information about local machine learning (ML) models from FL client network entities. Each local ML model of the local ML models is trained based on respective local training data. The respective local training data is available at a respective FL client network entity of the FL client network entities before the respective FL client network entity receives a corresponding FL training request. The FL server network entity aggregates the local ML models to generate an updated global ML model.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) can add network repository functions (NRF) into a configurations database to enable NF discovery. The SDN can subscribe to NRF notifications to receive new cloud native functions (CNF), registrations, or any other update to the CNF status in 5G system. In addition to listening to NRF notifications, the SDN can implement CNF pooling processes to periodically retrieve CNF from an NRF repository and stay in sync with 5G systems. Thus, a deep service path discovery can be developed from network service configurations and container call flows to enable an accurate alarm correlation and troubleshooting for the operations. This service path deep discovery can be designed and implemented as a standalone system or in an SDN framework with integration of a container management framework such as K8 kubernetes.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first network function device receives an access traffic rule for a multi-access protocol data unit (MA PDU) session of a user equipment (UE) from a second network function device, where the access traffic rule defines information on how to handle a traffic flow associated with the MA PDU session over multiple data paths corresponding to different access networks. The first network function device receives network performance data related to the access traffic rule from a third network function device and performs access traffic controlling of the traffic flow over the multiple data paths in accordance with the access traffic rule and the network performance data.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) can add network repository functions (NRF) into a configurations database to enable NF discovery. The SDN can subscribe to NRF notifications to receive new cloud native functions (CNF), registrations, or any other update to the CNF status in 5G system. In addition to listening to NRF notifications, the SDN can implement CNF pooling processes to periodically retrieve CNF from an NRF repository and stay in sync with 5G systems. Thus, a deep service path discovery can be developed from network service configurations and container call flows to enable an accurate alarm correlation and troubleshooting for the operations. This service path deep discovery can be designed and implemented as a standalone system or in an SDN framework with integration of a container management framework such as K8 kubernetes.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a first network entity sends to a second network entity a request for enhanced analytics output parameters associated with a redundant transmission. The first network entity receives from the second network entity the enhanced analytics output parameters. The first network entity determines a mechanism for the redundant transmission based on the enhanced analytics output parameters.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) can add network repository functions (NRF) into a configurations database to enable NF discovery. The SDN can subscribe to NRF notifications to receive new cloud native functions (CNF), registrations, or any other update to the CNF status in 5G system. In addition to listening to NRF notifications, the SDN can implement CNF pooling processes to periodically retrieve CNF from an NRF repository and stay in sync with 5G systems. Thus, a deep service path discovery can be developed from network service configurations and container call flows to enable an accurate alarm correlation and troubleshooting for the operations. This service path deep discovery can be designed and implemented as a standalone system or in an SDN framework with integration of a container management framework such as K8 kubernetes.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) can add network repository functions (NRF) into a configurations database to enable NF discovery. The SDN can subscribe to NRF notifications to receive new cloud native functions (CNF), registrations, or any other update to the CNF status in 5G system. In addition to listening to NRF notifications, the SDN can implement CNF pooling processes to periodically retrieve CNF from an NRF repository and stay in sync with 5G systems. Thus, a deep service path discovery can be developed from network service configurations and container call flows to enable an accurate alarm correlation and troubleshooting for the operations. This service path deep discovery can be designed and implemented as a standalone system or in an SDN framework with integration of a container management framework such as K8 kubernetes.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: A method includes defining a first specification for a first network slice, determining a first equilibrium value for a first time period for the first network slice offering, receiving a first bid price for the first network slice for the first time period from a first customer, comparing the first equilibrium value to the first bid price; and providing services using the network slice to the customer during the time period in accordance with the first specification and the bid price if the bid price meets or exceeds the equilibrium value.

Abstract: The current disclosure facilitates the use of intelligent remote radio unites via the use of microservices and modems to make the radio head intelligent. If an enhanced common public radio interface (eCPRI) link is down, the radio head can communicate over the air via the wireless network to an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) network. Thus, if the microservice is located at the radio head, the microservice can continuously monitor the radio head and evaluate its status. The microservice can then use this information to determine a status (e.g., latency, latency time, or the like) of the radio head and provide that information to the OAM. The microservice can facilitate rebooting or restarting of the radio head and/or run additional testing and/or measures on the link and/or the port of the radio head and provide that information over the air.

Abstract: A software defined network (SDN) can add network repository functions (NRF) into a configurations database to enable NF discovery. The SDN can subscribe to NRF notifications to receive new cloud native functions (CNF), registrations, or any other update to the CNF status in 5G system. In addition to listening to NRF notifications, the SDN can implement CNF pooling processes to periodically retrieve CNF from an NRF repository and stay in sync with 5G systems. Thus, a deep service path discovery can be developed from network service configurations and container call flows to enable an accurate alarm correlation and troubleshooting for the operations. This service path deep discovery can be designed and implemented as a standalone system or in an SDN framework with integration of a container management framework such as K8 kubernetes.

Abstract: The current disclosure facilitates the use of intelligent remote radio unites via the use of microservices and modems to make the radio head intelligent. If an enhanced common public radio interface (eCPRI) link is down, the radio head can communicate over the air via the wireless network to an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) network. Thus, if the microservice is located at the radio head, the microservice can continuously monitor the radio head and evaluate its status. The microservice can then use this information to determine a status (e.g., latency, latency time, or the like) of the radio head and provide that information to the OAM. The microservice can facilitate rebooting or restarting of the radio head and/or run additional testing and/or measures on the link and/or the port of the radio head and provide that information over the air.

Abstract: The current disclosure facilitates the use of intelligent remote radio unites via the use of microservices and modems to make the radio head intelligent. If an enhanced common public radio interface (eCPRI) link is down, the radio head can communicate over the air via the wireless network to an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) network. Thus, if the microservice is located at the radio head, the microservice can continuously monitor the radio head and evaluate its status. The microservice can then use this information to determine a status (e.g., latency, latency time, or the like) of the radio head and provide that information to the OAM. The microservice can facilitate rebooting or restarting of the radio head and/or run additional testing and/or measures on the link and/or the port of the radio head and provide that information over the air.