Abstract: Optical transmission apparatuses are disclosed. An example apparatus includes: a circulator that receives and provides a first signal at a first port and at a second port respectively, and receives and provides a second signal at the second port and at a third port respectively; a projecting lens movable perpendicular to an optical axis of a signal through the second port; a receiving lens movable perpendicular to an optical axis of a signal through the third port; a spectroscope that splits a signal through the receiving lens into transmitted light and reflected light; a sensor that detects an optical axis position of either the transmitted light or reflected light; and a controller that adjusts a position of the receiving lens and/or the projecting lens based on the optical axis position, and adjusts the optical axis to cause the other of the transmitted light or reflected light to enter a cable.

Abstract: In order to provide a spatial optical transmission apparatus capable of transmission and reception on one optical axis in common between transmission and reception, the optical transmission apparatus includes: an optical circulator configured to output an optical signal input to a first port from a second port, and output an optical signal input to the second port from a third port; a light projecting movable lens positionally adjustable in a plane substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of an optical signal passing through the second port; a light receiving movable lens positionally adjustable in a plane substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of an optical signal passing through the third port; a spectroscope configured to split an optical signal having passed through the light receiving movable lens to transmitted light and reflected light; a position sensor configured to detect a position of an optical axis using either one of the transmitted light or reflected light from the spectroscope; a

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for RFID indoor localization for estimating location of a target object in a localization area, comprising: a radio frequency identification (RFID) unit comprising a RFID reader and a plurality of RFID antennas in operative communication with the RFID reader; and a central unit in operative communication with the RFID unit. The central unit is capable of configuring and distributing a plurality of passive reference tags in the localization area and further capable of: collecting data from the passive reference tags through the RFID unit; processing the collected data; and estimating location of the target object. The central unit employs learning-based location estimation by received signal strength RSSI and detection rate fingerprinting of passive reference tags and the use of tags with different backscattered range.