Abstract: A method may include transmitting, to a management service producer, a first request to create a set of clusters and to train a machine learning model for one or more clusters in the set of clusters for a plurality of contexts. The method may also include transmitting, to the management service producer, a second request to dynamically monitor the set of clusters. The method may further include receiving, after at least one of the first request or the second request, cluster reports from the management service producer as a result of creation of the set of clusters. The method may also include receiving, after at least one of the first request or the second request, training reports from the management service producer as a result of dynamic monitoring of the set of clusters, and training of the machine learning model.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising means for: receiving a request to offload at least one inference step of a ML model for an application to a host node of a network comprising a plurality of host nodes, acquiring first information related to the application, acquiring second information related to the ML model, acquiring third information related to at least one host node, wherein the third information comprises at least an indication of a carbon emission footprint associated with at least one host node, determining, based on the first information, the second information and the third information, at least one deployment option of at least one inference step to offload on at least one host node and providing an indication of the determined at least one deployment option to the second entity from the first entity.

Abstract: Method comprising: receiving an update information on an updated value of a parameter of a network function and an identifier of a managing function responsible for the updating of the value of the parameter; defining a favorable range of values of the parameter based on the update information and a history of previous values of the parameter, wherein the history comprises, for each of the previous values of the parameter, the identifier of a respective managing function responsible for updating the value of the parameter to the respective previous value; calculating a new value of the parameter by optimizing a utility function and taking the favorable range as a constraint for the new value; updating the value of the parameter of the network function to the new value.

Abstract: Fulfillment of an intent which has been submitted to an intent-driven network management system is tracked. When information about fulfillment of the intent is received, a feedback report including a measurement that indicates a level of satisfaction with the fulfillment of the intent is provided.

Abstract: A management service producer or data repository of a communication network provides at least one of the following: information about knowledge available for sharing, or knowledge available for sharing, and executes a transfer learning process for sharing at least part of the knowledge. A management service consumer of the communication network generates at least one of the following: a request for information on available knowledge from the management service producer or data repository, a request for available knowledge from the management service producer or data repository, or a request for executing a transfer learning process between the management service producer or data repository and an ML entity or ML-enabled function of the communication network, and manages the request for available knowledge or the request for executing the transfer learning process, and/or adapts content of the request for available knowledge or the request for executing the transfer learning process.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting cognitive service driven handover are provided. One method may include signaling at least one user equipment to start performing and logging quality of experience (QoE) related measurements, and transmitting a request for a report on handover performance to the at least one user equipment. The method may also include receiving the handover performance report, from the at least one user equipment, including at least one service identifier of a service running on the at least one user equipment and the quality of experience (QoE) related measurements.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for managing machine learning training. One method may include a machine learning training function receiving a request to instantiate a machine learning training job from a consumer, and instantiating the requested machine learning training job. The machine learning training function may transmit a notification to the consumer indicating that the machine learning training job has been instantiated.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising means for: receiving a request from an operator to instantiate a closed loop for managing a communication system; identifying closed loop components based on the request; and instantiating a closed loop for managing a communication system with the closed looped components.