Abstract: A lithium battery cell having one or more protective layers between the anode current collector and a solid state separator. The protective layers prevent dendrite propagation through the battery cell and improve coulombic efficiency by reducing deleterious side reactions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described of managing a battery system. The battery system including at least one battery cell and one or more sensors configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell. The method includes receiving a measurement of the temperature of the at least one battery cell, estimating an open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell, estimating a capacity fade of the at least one battery cell based on the open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell and a ratio of a change in the open circuit potential relative to a change in the temperature of the at least one battery cell, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the capacity fade.

Abstract: An electrode configuration for a battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a low counter-ion permeability layer interposed between the separator and the positive electrode. The separator has a first permeability to counter-ions, which do not participate in the battery electrode reactions, and the low counter-ion permeability layer has a second permeability to the counter-ions that is less than the first permeability. The separator includes a first salt concentration adjacent to the low counter-ion permeability layer and a second salt concentration adjacent to the negative electrode, and the second salt concentration is greater than the first salt concentration.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described of managing a battery system. The battery system including at least one battery cell and one or more sensors configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell. The method includes receiving a measurement of the temperature of the at least one battery cell, estimating an open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell, estimating a capacity fade of the at least one battery cell based on the open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell and a ratio of a change in the open circuit potential relative to a change in the temperature of the at least one battery cell, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the capacity fade.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described of managing a battery system. The battery system including at least one battery cell and one or more sensors configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell. The method includes receiving a measurement of the temperature of the at least one battery cell, estimating an open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell, estimating a capacity fade of the at least one battery cell based on the open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell and a ratio of a change in the open circuit potential relative to a change in the temperature of the at least one battery cell, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the capacity fade.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described of managing a battery system. The battery system including at least one battery cell and one or more sensors configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell. The method includes receiving a measurement of the temperature of the at least one battery cell, estimating an open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell, estimating a capacity fade of the at least one battery cell based on the open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell and a ratio of a change in the open circuit potential relative to a change in the temperature of the at least one battery cell, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the capacity fade.

Abstract: An electrode configuration for a battery cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a low counter-ion permeability layer interposed between the separator and the positive electrode. The separator has a first permeability to counter-ions, which do not participate in the battery electrode reactions, and the low counter-ion permeability layer has a second permeability to the counter-ions that is less than the first permeability. The separator includes a first salt concentration adjacent to the low counter-ion permeability layer and a second salt concentration adjacent to the negative electrode, and the second salt concentration is greater than the first salt concentration.

Abstract: A lithium battery cell having one or more protective layers between the anode current collector and a solid state separator. The protective layers prevent dendrite propagation through the battery cell and improve coulombic efficiency by reducing deleterious side reactions.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described of managing a battery system. The battery system including at least one battery cell and one or more sensors configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell. The method includes receiving a measurement of the temperature of the at least one battery cell, estimating an open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell, estimating a capacity fade of the at least one battery cell based on the open circuit potential of the at least one battery cell and a ratio of a change in the open circuit potential relative to a change in the temperature of the at least one battery cell, and regulating at least one of charging or discharging of the at least one battery cell based on the estimation of the capacity fade.