Abstract: A process for making solid lubricants or lubricant additives or lubricant modifiers may include synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatelets, nanorods, or nanowires of MoO3 and WO3. The process may also include creating hollow hexagonal ZnO nanotubes by refluxing a mixture of zinc nitrate and urea at a predefined temperature or a range of temperatures for a predefined period or periods of time. The process may further include growing the hollow hexagonal ZnO nanotubes around platelets, nanorods, or nanowires of the MoO3 or WO3. The process may also include creating a solid lubricant in a core-shell configuration from the hollow hexagonal ZnS nanotubes with an embedded hexagonal core of MoS2 or WS2.

Abstract: A sulfur sorbent composition includes a support structure and a double oxide sulfur scavenger that is supported on the support structure. The support structure may be diatomaceous earth or a zeolitic-type mineral, and the sulfur scavenger a metal and/or a metal oxide and/or a combination of two or more metal and/or oxides. The sulfur sorbent composition can be used either as a stand-alone device or in conjunction with a fuel reformer to provide a sulfur-free stream.

Abstract: An insulated-gate field-effect transistor comprising a semiconductor substrate, a source region, a drain region, where the source region is spaced apart from the drain region to thereby form a channel, and both the source region and the drain region are located at or near one surface of the substrate, a gate insulator deposited over said channel, and a gate electrode, said gate electrode including a material that demonstrates appreciable change in resistivity relative to the concentration of acetylene, where the gate electrode covers the gate insulator.

Abstract: A method for detecting an unsaturated compound, the method comprising monitoring change in electrical properties of a substance that reacts or interacts with unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting the presence of unsaturated compounds, the sensor comprising: a semiconductor material doped with a metal halide in electrical connection with a monitoring device.

Abstract: A desulfurizer-reformer reactor system comprising a gradient assembly having a de-sulfurizing material and a reforming catalyst material arranged in a sequential manner and methods of generating energy are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for detecting nitrogen oxides, the method comprising monitoring the change in potential difference between a working electrode and a reference electrode as the working electrode is exposed to nitrogen oxides, where the working electrode includes an inorganic non-metallic oxide selected from spinel-structured compounds and wolframite-structured compounds, and where the working electrode and the reference electrode are in contact with a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for detecting an unsaturated compound, the method comprising monitoring change in electrical properties of a substance that reacts or interacts with unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A catalyst and its use for the abatement of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in the exit stream of a combustion device, such as an automobile and spray paint booths are disclosed.

Abstract: A desulfurizer-reformer reactor system comprising a gradient assembly having a de-sulfurizing material and a re-forming catalyst material arranged in a sequential manner and methods of generating energy are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method for detecting an unsaturated compound, the method comprising monitoring change in electrical properties of substances such as halides of copper that reacts or interacts with unsaturated compounds such as acetylene. Other embodiments provide a sensor for detecting acetylene gas comprising a substrate having a surface, electrodes in electrical communication with said surface, and a sensor layer formed of metal halide.

Abstract: A solid state electrochemical cell (10a) for measuring the concentration of a component of a gas mixture (12) includes first semiconductor electrode (14) and second semiconductor electrode (16) formed from first and second semiconductor materials, respectively. The materials are selected so as to undergo a change in resistivity upon contacting a gas component, such as CO or NO. An electrolyte (18) is provided in contact with the first and second semiconductor electrodes. A reference cell can be included in contact with the electrolyte. Preferably, a voltage response of the first semiconductor electrode is opposite in slope direction to that of the second semiconductor electrode to produce a voltage response equal to the sum of the absolute values of the control system uses measured pollutant concentrations to direct adjustment of engine combustion conditions.

Abstract: A solid state electrochemical cell for measuring the concentration of a component of a gas mixture includes a first semiconductor electrode and a second semiconductor electrode, the electrodes formed from first and second semiconductor materials, respectively. The materials are selected so as to undergo a change in resistivity upon contacting a gas component, such as CO or NO. An electrolyte is provided in contact with the first and second semiconductor electrodes. A reference cell can be included in contact with the electrolyte. Preferably, a voltage response of the first semiconductor electrode when exposed to the component is opposite in slope direction to that of the second semiconductor electrode to produce a voltage response equal to the sum of the absolute values of the individual voltages generated. A combustion engine includes an emission sensor for measuring pollutants and a feedback and control system uses measured pollutant concentrations to direct adjustment of engine combustion conditions.