Abstract: The chromatographic column is a stainless steel column having a stationary phase of porous monolithic polymer chemically bonded to the interior wall of the stainless steel column so that the stationary phase is fixed and immobile and does not require frits or other seals to retain particulate matter or a slurry in the column. The inner wall of the column is oxidized and then vinylized with a difunctional linker to chemically bond the polymer to the column. The difunctional linker may be 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, vinyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, or glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The monolithic polymer is prepared in situ in the column by radical polymerization of a monovinyl monomer with a crosslinking divinyl monomer. The column may be a conventional stainless steel column (¼? inner diameter), capillary micro-LC ( 1/16?), or nan-LC (( 1/32?).

Abstract: The method of making a wall-coated open tubular capillary column with a poly benzyl stationary phase is a method of preparing a capillary column for gas chromatography. An inner wall of a fused silica capillary column is cleaned and then rinsed with a sodium hydroxide solution. The fused silica capillary column is flushed with isopropanol to form a pre-treated capillary column, and the pre-treated capillary column is loaded with a mixture of phenyl tri-methoxy silane and alcohol. The loaded pre-treated capillary column is heated to form a treated capillary column, which is then washed. A thin layer of a poly benzyl stationary phase is then coated on the inner wall through condensation polymerization of benzyl chloride monomers with a Lewis acid catalyst in a non-polar solvent.

Abstract: A method of forming a stationary phase of a capillary column for gas chromatography includes in situ growth of a metal-organic framework on an inner surface of the capillary column. The capillary column may include fused silica on an inner surface thereof and can be treated to provide functional groups capable of forming covalent bonds with a difunctional organic linker of the metal-organic framework. Epitaxial growth of the metal organic framework can occur directly on the inner surface of the capillary tube to a desired uniform thickness, controllable by concentration of metal organic framework precursors.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling fluids in a wellbore are described. The methods and systems include running a production string into the wellbore, the production string includes production tubing and completion components with a first packer with a first control line and a backup packer with a second control line; setting the first packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the first control line; producing hydrocarbons from the wellbore with the first packer set and the backup packer unset; and setting the backup packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the second control line.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling fluids in a wellbore are described. The methods and systems include running a production string into the wellbore, the production string includes production tubing and completion components with a first packer with a first control line and a backup packer with a second control line; setting the first packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the first control line; producing hydrocarbons from the wellbore with the first packer set and the backup packer unset; and setting the backup packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the second control line.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling fluids in a wellbore are described. The methods and systems include running a production string into the wellbore, the production string includes production tubing and completion components with a first packer with a first control line and a backup packer with a second control line; setting the first packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the first control line; producing hydrocarbons from the wellbore with the first packer set and the backup packer unset; and setting the backup packer in the wellbore in response to a signal on the second control line.

Abstract: The extraction of benzene from benzene/cyclohexane mixture described herein is a process that removes benzene from a benzene/cyclohexane mixture with high selectivity, resulting in an enriched cyclohexane content in the retentate. The process involves adding an aqueous solution of poloxamer 188 to the benzene/cyclohexane mixture and waiting for the mixture to partition into an organic layer above an aqueous layer. Benzene, being more polar than cyclohexane, is selectively drawn into the aqueous layer. Benzene is then removed from the aqueous layer by pervaporation through a composite PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)/polystyrene membrane. Cyclohexane is recovered from the retentate by drawing off the organic layer of the retentate by any known method. About 97% of benzene has been removed from a 50-50 wt % mixture by pervaporation in the static mode, and about 99% by pervaporation in the continuous mode.

Abstract: A melamine-formaldehyde derived porous carbon adsorbent may be prepared from melamine-formaldehyde derived porous carbon disposable products. The melamine-formaldehyde derived porous carbon effectively removes organic pollutants from aqueous media. Parameters of contact time, solution pH, initial adsorbate concentration and desorption rate affect efficacy. Adsorption capacities of exemplary melamine-formaldehyde derived porous carbon for MG and MB dyes at 298 K were up to 25 mg/g and 35 mg/g, respectively.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing cyclohexanone can include oxidation of cyclohexane to produce a mixture including cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexane, and separating cyclohexanone from the mixture using a pervaporation method. The pervaporation method includes contacting the mixture with a first side of a poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-dihydropyrane) membrane and receiving the cyclohexanone from a second side of the poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-dihydropyrane) membrane as a low-pressure vapor. The method can be performed in a pervaporation unit including a reactant portion for receiving the cyclohexane, a permeate portion for receiving the cyclohexanone, and a poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-dihydropyrane) membrane separating the reactant portion from the permeate portion.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrochar from jackfruit peel biomass includes hydrothermal carbonization of jackfruit peel biomass by autoclaving at 150° C.-250 ° C. for about 3 hours to produce a hydrochar. The hydrochar can be activated by treatment with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or a combination thereof. The hydrochar produced according to the method is particularly effective at removing azo-dyes, and specifically methylene blue, from aqueous solutions such as industrial waste water.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrochar from jackfruit peel biomass includes hydrothermal carbonization of jackfruit peel biomass by autoclaving at 150° C.-250 ° C. for about 3 hours to produce a hydrochar. The hydrochar can be activated by treatment with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or a combination thereof. The hydrochar produced according to the method is particularly effective at removing azo-dyes, and specifically methylene blue, from aqueous solutions such as industrial waste water.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrochar from jackfruit peel biomass includes hydrothermal carbonization of jackfruit peel biomass by autoclaving at 150° C.-250° C. for about 3 hours to produce a hydrochar. The hydrochar can be activated by treatment with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or a combination thereof. The hydrochar produced according to the method is particularly effective at removing azo-dyes, and specifically methylene blue, from aqueous solutions such as industrial waste water.

Abstract: The montmorillonite-based liquid chromatography column is a chromatography column, which may be steel, packed with unmodified montmorillonite for use in normal phase liquid chromatography, particularly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The column may be prepared by sieving montmorillonite to achieve a desired particle size range, preferably in the micrometer range, i.e., montmorillonite microparticles, and more preferably between 5-10 ?m. The montmorillonite microparticles are suspended in a solvent, for example, ethanol, and packed into a column for use in HPLC. Before packing, the montmorillonite microparticles may be dried by, for example, heating for a period of time, e.g., by heating preferably at about 100° C. for at least 2 hours. The packing may be performed at a pressure of at least 5000 psi, and more preferably, between 5000-7000 psi. The column may be used for separation of simple polar compounds under relatively low pressure conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrochar from jackfruit peel biomass includes hydrothermal carbonization of jackfruit peel biomass by autoclaving at 150° C.-250° C. for about 3 hours to produce a hydrochar. The hydrochar can be activated by treatment with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or a combination thereof. The hydrochar produced according to the method is particularly effective at removing azo-dyes, and specifically methylene blue, from aqueous solutions such as industrial waste water.

Abstract: The magnetic polymer nanocomposite for removal of divalent heavy metal ions from water is magnetic nanocomposite having a core of magnetite (Fe3O4) in a shell of branched polyhydroxystyrene (BHPS), designated as Fe3O4@BHPS. The nanocomposite is synthesized by co-precipitation in alkali solution. Testing showed the nanocomposite reached 93% and 80% Pb(II) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, in 30 minutes, attaining equilibrium in 120 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at 298K were 186.2 and 125 mg/g, respectively. After adsorption, the nanocomposite with the heavy metal(s) adsorbed thereto was easily removed from aqueous solution by application of a magnetic field.

Abstract: Carboxylic functionalized magnetic nanocomposites can include a magnetic compound, such as Fe3O4, that is encapsulated by a plurality of amino organosilane groups. The organosilane groups can include 3-[2-(2-Aminoethylamino)ethylamino] propyl-trimethoxysilane (TAS). At least some of the organosilane groups can have amino and carboxylic acid substituents. The organic pollutants can include malachite green dye. The carboxylic functionalized magnetic nanocomposites can adsorb dye from solution, such as wastewater. The carboxylic functionalized magnetic nanocomposites can be separated from the solution using an external magnetic material.

Abstract: A device, software and/or operating system implement independent point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-point audio messaging platforms. Remote communication is enabled via audio messages in a public, semi-public, private group and/or private chat environment. The methodology allows for simulated conversations resembling those that would otherwise normally be possible in a live face-to-face meeting, group setting or town hall type event.

Abstract: The method of preparing a functionalizable monolithic platform includes the steps of: functionalizing the silanol groups on a support having silanol groups or the ketone groups on a support having ketone groups with an organic compound having a vinyl group; and copolymerizing the alkenyl-functionalized silanol or ketone groups with itaconic anhydride monomers and vinyl monomers and/or a crosslinker having at least two vinyl reactive groups in a solvent by adding a suitable initiator for a time and temperature or radiation energy sufficient to thereby complete the copolymerization reaction process. The functionalizable monolithic platform has the structural formula: wherein n, m, n? and m? are integers greater than 0.

Abstract: A nanoflow detector cell comprises a nanoflow detection cell template defining a sample channel transverse template and a reference channel transverse template, generally parallel to the sample channel, and spaced apart from the sample channel. Clear capillary tubing extends through the sample channel, defining a sample chamber, a portion of the capillary tubing extends out of each end of the sample channel, and is shaped to the template.

Abstract: A nanoflow detector cell comprises a nanoflow detection cell template defming a sample channel transverse template and a reference channel transverse template, generally parallel to the sample channel, and spaced apart from the sample channel. Clear capillary tubing extends through the sample channel, defming a sample chamber, a portion of the capillary tubing extends out of each end of the sample channel, and is shaped to the template.