Abstract: A method of enhanced gaseous hydrocarbons recovery is provided. The method includes placing at least two individual, independently-controllable heating elements aligned opposite one another and in the same location on a production tubing in a wellbore at a gaseous hydrocarbons-producing location of a geological formation to form a permanently-installed array of heating elements. The method also includes heating a portion of the geological formation containing a gaseous hydrocarbons deposit comprising kerogen with a gaseous hydrocarbons formation heating device comprising the permanently-installed array of heating elements, at a temperature sufficient to liberate gaseous hydrocarbons from the kerogen present in the gaseous hydrocarbons deposit and recovering the gaseous hydrocarbons by transporting the gaseous hydrocarbons via the production tubing to the surface. The gaseous hydrocarbons formation heating device comprises a controller configured to control the permanently-installed array of heating elements.

Abstract: A method of enhanced gaseous hydrocarbons recovery is provided. The method includes placing at least two individual, independently-controllable heating elements aligned opposite one another and in the same location on a production tubing in a wellbore at a gaseous hydrocarbons -producing location of a geological formation to form a permanently-installed array of heating elements. The method also includes heating a portion of the geological formation containing a gaseous hydrocarbons deposit comprising kerogen with a gaseous hydrocarbons formation heating device comprising the permanently-installed array of heating elements, at a temperature sufficient to liberate gaseous hydrocarbons from the kerogen present in the gaseous hydrocarbons deposit and recovering the gaseous hydrocarbons by transporting the gaseous hydrocarbons via the production tubing to the surface. The gaseous hydrocarbons formation heating device comprises a controller configured to control the permanently-installed array of heating elements.

Abstract: A method of removing calcium-containing water-based filter cake from a wellbore involving contacting the calcium-containing filter cake with a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant. The method is performed at a pressure of 200 to 400 psi and a temperature of 50 to 125° C. The method removes calcium-containing filter cake made of water, calcium carbonate, a polymer or starch and a clay. The method meets industry standard steel corrosion rates of less than 0.049 lb/ft2 per day. Also disclosed is a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant that meets OECD 301B thresholds for ready biodegradability.

Abstract: Method of converting calcium bentonite to sodium bentonite that is suitable for use as drilling mud or a cement additive. The method comprises preparing a suspension comprising sea water and calcium bentonite at a pH in the range of 8-11, and continuously heating and stirring the suspension for a time in the range of 12 hours to 36 hours. Additives such as soda ash and sodium salt of ethylenediamineteraraacetc acid (EDTA) may be added to the suspension to improve the properties of the product sodium bentonite.

Abstract: A method of removing iron-containing scale from a wellbore, pipe, or metal-containing surface involving contacting the iron-containing scale with a biodegradable descaler solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, a corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, and a surfactant. The method is performed at a pressure of 14 to 400 psi and a temperature of 100 to 150° C. The method removes iron-containing scale made of iron sulfide, iron carbonate, iron oxyhydroxide, and calcium carbonate. The method meets industry standard steel corrosion rates of less than 0.049 lb/ft2 per day. Also disclosed is a biodegradable descaler solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, a corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, and a surfactant that meets OECD 301B thresholds for ready biodegradability.

Abstract: A method of removing iron-containing scale from a wellbore, pipe, or metal-containing surface involving contacting the iron-containing scale with a biodegradable descaler solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, a corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, and a surfactant. The method is performed at a pressure of 14 to 400 psi and a temperature of 100 to 150° C. The method removes iron-containing scale made of iron sulfide, iron carbonate, iron oxyhydroxide, and calcium carbonate. The method meets industry standard steel corrosion rates of less than 0.049 lb/ft2 per day. Also disclosed is a biodegradable descaler solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, a corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, and a surfactant that meets OECD 301B thresholds for ready biodegradability.

Abstract: A method of removing calcium-containing water-based filter cake from a wellbore involving contacting the calcium-containing filter cake with a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant. The method is performed at a pressure of 200 to 400 psi and a temperature of 50 to 125° C. The method removes calcium-containing filter cake made of water, calcium carbonate, a polymer or starch and a clay. The method meets industry standard steel corrosion rates of less than 0.049 lb/ft2 per day. Also disclosed is a biodegradable acid solution of water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, citric acid, and a surfactant that meets OECD 301B thresholds for ready biodegradability.

Abstract: Method of converting calcium bentonite to sodium bentonite that is suitable for use as drilling mud or a cement additive. The method comprises preparing a suspension comprising sea water and calcium bentonite at a pH in the range of 8-11, and continuously heating and stirring the suspension for a time in the range of 12 hours to 36 hours. Additives such as soda ash and sodium salt of ethylenediamineteraraacetc acid (EDTA) may be added to the suspension to improve the properties of the product sodium bentonite.

Abstract: The present subject matter is directed to an enaminone-grafted trithiocarbonate compound having the structure: and the anticancer and antimicrobial activities exhibited by the compound.

Abstract: The method of making palladium nanoparticles is a microwave thermolysis-based method of making palladium nanoparticles from a complex of palladium(II) acetate Pd(O2CCH3)2 (or Pd(OAc)2) and a ligand. The complex of palladium(II) acetate and the ligand is melted in oleic acid and dichloromethane to form a solution. The ligand is 1-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (C15H11N3O), which has the structure: The solution is stirred for two hours under an inert argon atmosphere, and then irradiated with microwave radiation to produce palladium nanoparticles.