Abstract: A facies classification apparatus and method of training the apparatus is provided for seismic image super-resolution. The apparatus includes an input for receiving a low resolution seismic images extracted from a seismic volume and a feature extraction section to extract features from the low resolution images. A non-linear feature mapping section generates feature maps using a self-calibrated block with pixel attention having a plurality of Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSC) layers. A late upsampling section combines at least one DSC layer that upsamples the feature maps to a predetermined dimension. An output provides approximate upsampled super-resolution seismic images that correspond to the low resolution seismic images, with a desired scale of at least two times the low resolution seismic image. A pretrained facies classifier classifies facies in the seismic volume based on the approximate upsampled super-resolution seismic images to obtain class labels.

Abstract: A formation evaluating system including a sonic sensor device attached to a drill string adjacent to a bit includes a sonic source and a first sonic receiver aligned adjacent to the sonic source, and a second sonic receiver aligned with a horizontal offset X. Three kind of two-way trip times are measured: from the sonic source to a) the first receiver after a reflection at the borehole wall, b) the first receiver after propagation in a layer below the borehole wall, an invaded zone, and a reflection at an interface below the borehole wall, and c) the second receiver after oblique propagations in the invaded zone and a reflection at the interface. After determining a sonic speed in the drilling mud and a sonic speed in a matrix of the invaded zone, a porosity and a thickness of the invaded zone are estimated based on a time average equation.

Abstract: A formation evaluating system including a sonic sensor device attached to a drill string adjacent to a bit includes a sonic source and a first sonic receiver aligned adjacent to the sonic source, and a second sonic receiver aligned with a horizontal offset X Three kind of two-way trip times are measured: from the sonic source to a) the first receiver after a reflection at the borehole wall, b) the first receiver after propagation in a layer below the borehole wall, an invaded zone, and a reflection at an interface below the borehole wall, and c) the second receiver after oblique propagations in the invaded zone and a reflection at the interface. After determining a sonic speed in the drilling mud and a sonic speed in a matrix of the invaded zone, a porosity and a thickness of the invaded zone are estimated based on a time average equation.

Abstract: A system for a first digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit may include an OP-AMP, a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA), a voltage buffer, two resistors, and a capacitor. The first digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit allows adjustment of an equivalent inductance value (CR1R2/A) through programming a digitally controlled current gain (A) of the DCCA. A system for a second digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit includes an OP-AMP, a digitally controlled current amplifier (DCCA), a dual output current follower (CF), an active current division network (CDN), two resistors, and a capacitor. The second digitally controlled grounded inductor simulation circuit allows adjustment of an equivalent inductance value (CR1R2/?A) via programming the active CDN and the DCCA.

Abstract: Methods and an alarming system for long-term carbon dioxide sequestration in a geologic reservoir are described. The geologic reservoir may be a water filled sandstone reservoir or a carbonate reservoir. A reservoir model is constructed to show the effects of varying injection pressures, the number of injection wells, the arrangement of injection wells, the boundary conditions and sizes of the reservoir on caprock uplift, fracture formation and fracture reactivation. The alarming system generates an alarm when caprock uplift that surpasses a threshold is detected. The injection pressures and the number of injection wells operating may be varied in response to the alarm.

Abstract: Methods and an alarming system for long-term carbon dioxide sequestration in a geologic reservoir are described. The geologic reservoir may be a water filled sandstone reservoir or a carbonate reservoir. A reservoir model is constructed to show the effects of varying injection pressures, the number of injection wells, the arrangement of injection wells, the boundary conditions and sizes of the reservoir on caprock uplift, fracture formation and fracture reactivation. The alarming system generates an alarm when caprock uplift that surpasses a threshold is detected. The injection pressures and the number of injection wells operating may be varied in response to the alarm.

Abstract: A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

Abstract: A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a system for seismic sample data acquisition and processing. The system includes an acquisition system configured to acquire seismic sample data using compressive sensing. The acquisition system includes a plurality of receivers each configured to randomly sample a seismic signal to generate seismic sample data, and a data collection system configured to control sampling operations of the plurality of receivers, and receive and store the generated seismic sample data.

Abstract: A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

Abstract: Embodiments of super-virtual borehole sonic interferometry include machines, systems, and methods that can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of sonic log waveforms. Embodiments include performing a common shot gather and recording traces with a sonic tool, repositioning the tool and performing another common-shot gather; cross-correlating each trace with neighboring corresponding traces for each common shot gather, which leads to creating the virtual trace response due to a redatumed virtual source; stacking the common virtual traces with common ray paths for different common shot gathers; convolving the virtual traces with an actual trace that travels from the source through the virtual source to a receiver on the tool; and stacking the traces having common ray paths. The resulting waveforms can have a signal-to-noise ratio significantly greater than the signal-to-noise ratio of the original waveforms, due to the two stacking operations following each redatuming step.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a system for seismic sample data acquisition and processing. The system includes an acquisition system configured to acquire seismic sample data using compressive sensing. The acquisition system includes a plurality of receivers each configured to randomly sample a seismic signal to generate seismic sample data, and a data collection system configured to control sampling operations of the plurality of receivers, and receive and store the generated seismic sample data.

Abstract: A system and associated methodology determines the porosity and water saturation of a cavity using a joint inversion of gravity and ground penetrating radar data. The system exhibits high accuracy. In one embodiment, the cavity is spherical.

Abstract: Embodiments of super-virtual borehole sonic interferometry include machines, systems, and methods that can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of sonic log waveforms. Embodiments include performing a common shot gather and recording traces with a sonic tool, repositioning the tool and performing another common-shot gather; cross-correlating each trace with neighboring corresponding traces for each common shot gather, which leads to creating the virtual trace response due to a redatumed virtual source; stacking the common virtual traces with common ray paths for different common shot gathers; convolving the virtual traces with an actual trace that travels from the source through the virtual source to a receiver on the tool; and stacking the traces having common ray paths. The resulting waveforms can have a signal-to-noise ratio significantly greater than the signal-to-noise ratio of the original waveforms, due to the two stacking operations following each redatuming step.

Abstract: The interferometric method of enhancing passive seismic events includes the step of cross-correlation (CC) of the trace recorded at a reference receiver location with the traces recorded at the rest of receiver locations. Next, the CC traces are aligned to zero timing by applying shifts that are calculated by searching for the position of the maximum CC trace value. Subsequently, the aligned CC traces are summed to produce a stacked CC trace that has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) better than the individual CC traces. Lastly, the stacked CC trace is convolved with each raw trace to put the MS event at the correct timing. Due to this process, the timing of the MS event on the i-th convolved trace, tccasci, will be equal to the timing of the MS event on the corresponding i-th raw trace, i.e., tccasci=ti.