Abstract: A method of synthesizing a perimorphic framework by chemical vapor deposition of a perimorph around an oxyanionic template, followed by dissolution of the oxyanionic template in water or in an aqueous weak acid comprising an oxyanion.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a perimorphic framework by chemical vapor deposition of a perimorph around an oxyanionic template, followed by dissolution of the oxyanionic template in water or in an aqueous weak acid comprising an oxyanion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanocomposite including a carbonaceous perimorph, the perimorph having a diameter of less than 1,000 ?m and comprising interconnected cells, each of a plurality of the cells comprising a carbonaceous cell wall possessing an average thickness of less than 100 nm or smaller and a morphology corresponding to a surface region of a, non-metallic template particle, the template particle having a diameter of less than 1,000 ?m, and an interior space bounded and enclosed by the cell wall.

Abstract: A liquid dispersion made by a process is disclosed. The process includes forming multicellular networks having a diameter of 1,000 ?m or smaller by at a temperature of 1100° C. or less, in the presence of a powder of template particles, forming carbon shells, each of the carbon shells generally encapsulating a template particle and together with the encapsulated template particle comprising a heterostructure. The heterostructure comprises a particle diameter of 1,000 ?m or smaller and a morphology of interconnected structural subunits and, between the structural subunits, exohedral pores.

Abstract: A nanocomposite, comprising a carbonaceous perimorph, the perimorph comprising at least one cell. The cell comprises a cell wall possessing an average thickness of less than 100 nm and a morphology evolved from a template. The composite comprises an interior space having a morphology evolved from the template with a diameter between 10 nm and 1,000 nm, and one of a linear structure, a non-linear structure, and an infiltrated endomorph. The endomorph substantially fills the interior space of the perimorph.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to multiphase dispersions and nanaocomposites comprised of continuous matrix or binder and endohedrally impregnated cellular carbon filler. These nanocomposites may exhibit superior mechanical, electrical, thermal, or other properties, and may be used in a variety of products, including hierarchical fiber-reinforced composites with nanocomposite matrices.

Abstract: A nanocomposite, comprising a carbonaceous perimorph, the perimorph comprising at least one cell. The cell comprises a cell wall possessing an average thickness of less than 100 nm and a morphology evolved from a template. The composite comprises an interior space having a morphology evolved from the template with a diameter between 10 nm and 1,000 nm, and one of a linear structure, a non-linear structure, and an infiltrated endomorph. The endomorph substantially fills the interior space of the perimorph.

Abstract: A chemically functionalized carbon lattice formed by a process comprising heating a carbon lattice nucleus in a reactor to a temperature between room temperature and 1500 C. The process also may comprise exposing the carbon lattice nucleus to carbonaceous gas to adsorb carbon atoms in the carbonaceous gas onto edges of the carbon lattice nucleus, covalently bond the adsorbed carbon atoms to one another in polyatomic rings, a portion of the polyatomic rings comprising non-hexagonal rings, covalently bond the polyatomic rings to one another in one or more new lattice regions extending off the carbon lattice nucleus thereby forming an engineered lattice incorporating the non-hexagonal rings, exposing a portion of the engineered lattice to one or more chemicals to bond at least one of a functional group and molecule to the engineered lattice.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to multiphase dispersions and nanocomposites comprised of a continuous matrix or binder and an endohedrally impregnated cellular carbon filler. These nanocomposites may exhibit superior mechanical, electrical, thermal, or other properties, and may be used in a variety of products, including hierarchical fiber-reinforced composites with nanocomposite matrices.

Abstract: A composite, comprising a binder, the binder comprising one or more of polymeric, metallic, or ceramic, or pyrolytic carbon binder and a nanostructured carbon having a cellular structure. The cellular structure comprises one or more cell walls having a structure formed by a template and one or more cavities. Each cavity is substantially enclosed by the one or more cell walls and substantially unimpregnated by a liquid or solid.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to multiphase dispersions and nanocomposites comprised of a continuous matrix or binder and an endohedrally impregnated cellular carbon filler. These nanocomposites may exhibit superior mechanical, electrical, thermal, or other properties, and may be used in a variety of products, including hierarchical fiber-reinforced composites with nanocomposite matrices.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a sheet of graphene oxide paper includes combining graphite oxide with water to form a colloidal suspension of graphene oxide; providing a working electrode and a counter electrode such that the working electrode and the counter electrode are inserted in the colloidal suspension; applying a potentiostatic field until a film of graphene oxide having a predetermined thickness forms on the working electrode; and drying the film to form a graphene oxide paper. The method may also include reducing the graphene oxide to graphene by either photo-thermal reduction or thermal exfoliation. The reduced graphene material exhibits high energy density as well as high power density making it useful as anode material for rechargeable batteries.