Abstract: An apparatus and method for analyzing bidirectional data exchanged between two electronic devices is disclosed. In one embodiment, received and transmitted data at a first physical layer interface (PHY) is tapped by a second PHY in a first electronic device substantially before the received data is processed in the first electronic device and substantially before the transmitted data is processed by a second electronic device. Further, the tapped received and transmitted data is output to an analyzer for analyzing the received and transmitted data by the second PHY in the first electronic device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for analyzing bidirectional data exchanged between two electronic devices is disclosed. In one embodiment, received and transmitted data at a first physical layer interface (PHY) is tapped by a second PHY in a first electronic device substantially before the received data is processed in the first electronic device and substantially before the transmitted data is processed by a second electronic device. Further, the tapped received and transmitted data is output to an analyzer for analyzing the received and transmitted data by the second PHY in the first electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and circuit arrangement for a multi-layer ball grid array configuration. In one embodiment, there is presented a board comprising a first surface, a second surface, and a plurality of vias. The second surface is connected to the first surface. The plurality of vias are positioned to form a substantially straight line on the first surface. The plurality of vias comprises a first via and a second via. The first via is adjacent to the second via. The first via emerges on the second surface on one side of the substantially straight line. The second via emerges on another side of the substantially straight line.

Abstract: Presented herein are ball grid array configurations for reducing path distances. In an exemplary embodiment, there is presented a memory system. The memory system comprises a printed circuit board, a memory controller, and a memory. The printed circuit board comprises a first layer and a second layer. The memory controller comprises a first plurality of pins connected to the first layer and a second plurality of pins connected to the second layer. The memory comprises a first plurality of pins connected to the first layer and a second plurality of pins connected to the second layer. The first layer comprises a plurality of connection paths connecting the first plurality of pins of the memory to the first plurality of pins of the memory controller. The second layer comprises a plurality of connection paths connecting the second plurality of pins of the memory to the second plurality of pins of the memory controller.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and circuit arrangement for a multi-layer ball grid array configuration. In one embodiment, there is presented a board comprising a first surface, a second surface, and a plurality of vias. The second surface is connected to the first surface. The plurality of vias are positioned to form a substantially straight line on the first surface. The plurality of vias comprises a first via and a second via. The first via is adjacent to the second via. The first via emerges on the second surface on one side of the substantially straight line. The second via emerges on another side of the substantially straight line.

Abstract: Presented herein are ball grid array configurations for reducing path distances. In an exemplary embodiment, there is presented a memory system. The memory system comprises a printed circuit board, a memory controller, and a memory. The printed circuit board comprises a first layer and a second layer. The memory controller comprises a first plurality of pins connected to the first layer and a second plurality of pins connected to the second layer. The memory comprises a first plurality of pins connected to the first layer and a second plurality of pins connected to the second layer. The first layer comprises a plurality of connection paths connecting the first plurality of pins of the memory to the first plurality of pins of the memory controller. The second layer comprises a plurality of connection paths connecting the second plurality of pins of the memory to the second plurality of pins of the memory controller.