Abstract: Provided are novel crystalline forms of a spiro-compound which acts as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. In particular, isolated crystalline polymorphs of (S)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1-thia-4,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-one are described which have favorable properties in pharmaceutical manufacture. Also provided are methods to prepare said crystalline polymorphs, and to convert them into each other as well as methods for preparing medicaments containing the same which are suitable for use in the treatment of diseases and disorders that respond to modulation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Abstract: Catheters are presented herein having planar end effectors of various configurations, generally providing a two-sided and multi-layered platform for electrodes and sensors. In some examples, the end effector has a support frame (e.g. nitinol) between a pair of flexible circuits. The end effector can also include a polymer (e.g. silicone, LCP, etc.) between the flexible circuits and encapsulating the support frame. This platform facilitates positioning of electrodes on either side (including both sides) of the end effector in a variety of spacings and facilitates ultra-tight electrode spacing and/or a large area electrode. Sensors (ultrasound transducers, navigation coils, etc.) can be layered within the end effector between outer surfaces of the flexible circuits in a variety of configurations.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing an effective refractive index metamaterial, the method may include the steps of: a) analysing an effective index material by directing an electromagnetic plane-wave towards a surface of the metamaterial and calculating the polarization currents distribution field in the metamaterial, wherein the effective refractive index metamaterial is comprised of a plurality of layers of at least a first material having a first refractive index and at least a second material having a second refractive index; b) filtering and sampling the polarization currents distribution field according to the layers, wherein the layers comprise pre-determined parameters requirements, the parameters including at least one of: refractive indexes of the first material and the second material, effective refractive index of the layer and thickness of the layer; and c) determining a layer arrangement and thickness for the first and second materials comprising the plurality of layers.

Abstract: Described herein is a dynamic optical modulator including a plurality of pixels arranged in a grid, the pixels comprising a plurality of unit-cells, the unit-cell comprising a dielectric layer sandwiched between two at least partially conductive layers, wherein the optical characteristics of each of said unit-cells is controlled by the application of a voltage across each of the pixels of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing an effective refractive index metamaterial, the method may include the steps of: a) analysing an effective index material by directing an electromagnetic plane-wave towards a surface of the metamaterial and calculating the polarization currents distribution field in the metamaterial, wherein the effective refractive index metamaterial is comprised of a plurality of layers of at least a first material having a first refractive index and at least a second material having a second refractive index; b) filtering and sampling the polarization currents distribution field according to the layers, wherein the layers comprise pre-determined parameters requirements, the parameters including at least one of: refractive indexes of the first material and the second material, effective refractive index of the layer and thickness of the layer; and c) determining a layer arrangement and thickness for the first and second materials comprising the plurality of layers.

Abstract: Described herein is a dynamic optical modulator including a plurality of pixels arranged in a grid, the pixels comprising a plurality of unit-cells, the unit-cell comprising a dielectric layer sandwiched between two at least partially conductive layers, wherein the optical characteristics of each of said unit-cells is controlled by the application of a voltage across each of the pixels of the plurality of pixels.

Abstract: A multi-layered thin combiner (MLTC) is provided herein. The MLTC may include: a plurality of connectable layers each having a separate active area coated with a primary partially reflective filter; wherein each active area comprises a discrete fraction of an effective aperture; and wherein the active areas are configured to align, when said connectable layers are connected, to collectively define a complete effective aperture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting substance to be detected. The apparatus comprises at least one sampling member for sampling air contained in a closed space, the sampling member comprising at least one filter presenting pore or mesh size adapted to filtering solid particles of the substance to be detected that might be dispersed in the air contained in the closed space; the apparatus further comprising a pump (not shown) enabling the air contained in the closed space to be sucked in. The invention can be used for detecting a substance to be detected comprising, for example, an explosive or a narcotic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting substance to be detected. The apparatus comprises at least one sampling member for sampling air contained in a closed space, the sampling member comprising at least one filter presenting pore or mesh size adapted to filtering solid particles of the substance to be detected that might be dispersed in the air contained in the closed space; the apparatus further comprising a pump (not shown) enabling the air contained in the closed space to be sucked in. The invention can be used for detecting a substance to be detected comprising, for example, an explosive or a narcotic.

Abstract: A CDMA receiver for measuring spatial signal information corresponding to several user transmitters comprises a bank of coherent receivers coupled to an antenna array, a bank of signal buffers for recording samples of the received signal data, and a bank of I/Q despreaders for despreading selected signal samples. The receiver also comprises a buffer control circuit for selecting active power control groups in the recorded signal samples for despreading, and a despreader control circuit for selecting PN despreading sequences required to despread the selected power groups. Selected data samples from the signal buffers are fed into the despreaders. The output of the despreaders is a set of spatially correlated I/Q data streams divided into temporal frames, where each frame contains active power control groups from different user transmitters.

Abstract: A system for easily and inexpensively distributing real time location information of cellular telephone users to various third party information subscribers comprises an HTTP server machine which maintains a dynamic database of current cellular users. The database has a list of caller entries, where each entry typically comprises a user ID number, such as a phone number, mobile ID number, and/or handset serial ID. The entry also includes, for each user ID number, a user location identifier such as a latitude and longitude, a sector number, a caller or called phone number and/or a street address. The HTTP server is connected to the internet so that registered third party information subscribers have access to the database by means of standard HTTP protocols that ensure authentication and provide encryption for security.

Abstract: A system for easily and inexpensively distributing real time location information of cellular telephone users to various third party information subscribers comprises an HTTP server machine which maintains a dynamic database of current cellular users. The database has a list of caller entries, where each entry typically comprises a user ID number, such as a phone number, mobile ID number, and/or handset serial ID. The entry also includes, for each user ID number, a user location identifier such as a latitude and longitude, a sector number, a caller or called phone number and/or a street address. The HTTP server is connected to the internet so that registered third party information subscribers have access to the database by means of standard HTTP protocols that ensure authentication and provide encryption for security.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for location finding in a CDMA wireless communication system uses multipath signals in order to accurately determine a transmitter—s location. Direct path and multipath signals from a mobile transmitter arrive at an array of p antennas belonging to a cellular network base station. A location finding apparatus connected to the base station contains a multichannel receiver that uses PN sequence information provided by the base station receiver to despread the p signals and to separate each of the p signals into temporally distinct multipath parts. A signal processor calculates a signal signature for each active mobile. The signature is comprises a code correlation function, a set of temporal delays corresponding to the multipath parts and a set of signal subspaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for modifying colors in an image displayed on a display device by a computer controlled display system. The method includes selecting at least one color being representative of at least one pixel of the image, where the image includes a plurality of pixels on the display device; determining the colorimetric values for the at least one color; selecting a second color and determining the colorimetric values for the second color; and modifying the colorimetric values of a plurality of pixels in said image such that for any given pixel of the plurality of pixels having colorimetric values being matched to the colorimetric values of the at least one color, then the colorimetric values of the given pixel are modified to match the colorimetric values of the second color.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for color processing of an image displayed on a display device of a computer controlled display system. The method comprises storing the first image and a second image in a first memory; displaying the first image on the display device; displaying the second image on the display device; storing a first color information for the first image in a second memory; storing a second color information for the second image in a third memory; modifying the display of the first image by storing a third color information into the second memory. An example of an apparatus for performing this method includes a frame buffer for storing the first and second image in a computer controlled display device with a processor for controlling the display device. The apparatus further includes a memory for storing the color information, such as a video look-up table.

Abstract: A probe holder for a rotary scanner, the probe holder having a shaft and a plate rotatably mounted to the shaft. A parallelogram arrangement comprising a probe support on one side for holding a probe, an annular counterweight on an opposite side and a pair of levers therebetween secured to the plate. A spring mechanism in the annular counterweight moves the probe radially inwardly into contact with a pipe to be measured. A pair of spring-biased arms for contacting the pipe and centering the probe on the pipe are mounted to one end of the plate. A second counterweight is secured to the other end of the plate to counterbalance the contact arms.

Abstract: A queue monitoring and/or control system for monitoring and/or controlling a queue of persons waiting for service by a plurality of clerks. A card dispenser dispenses sequentially-numbered cards to persons as each joins the end of the queue; a card reader for each clerk for reading the card number when received by the clerk from each person as each reaches a clerk at the beginning of the queue. A real time clock for indicates the queue joining time for each card dispensed by the dispenser to a person when joining the end of the queue, and the clerk reaching time for each card read by the card readers as each person reaches a clerk at the beginning of the queue. A data processor processes the above data according to permissible queue parameters.

Abstract: The color correction system will enhance an operator's ability to edit and correct the appearance of a color image. This system is particularly useful in desk-top publishing applications. A reference image with an overall desired visual impression is displayed on a screen. This reference image is known to print in an acceptable fashion and give a desired visual impression. When the image to be corrected is modified in order to approximate the visual impression of a reference picture, then the picture to be corrected should print acceptably.

Abstract: A closing and opening device for a bottle with an opening sealed by a membrane comprises a cap adapted to engage the opening of the bottle for closing the same, a cutting device for cutting the membrane of the bottle connected to the cap, and a device to allow rotation of the cap less than 360 degrees relative to the opening of the bottle while the cutting device is in engagement with the membrane, so that the membrane is cut less than 360 degrees to prevent the membrane being cut from detaching from the bottle.