Abstract: System for, and methods of, recovering precious metals from precious metals-containing solids are described herein. Methods for the recovery of precious metals from precious metals-containing solids heating a salt mixture to form a molten salt mixture, adding a precious metals-containing solid to the molten salt mixture to form a molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, adding an oxidizing agent to the molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, forming a liquid solution from molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, the liquid solution comprising soluble precious metal salts, and subjecting the liquid solution to an electrodeposition process to form purified precious metals. Systems for, and methods of, recovery precious metals from precious metals-containing solids allow for the recovery of salt mixtures and reuse of the salt mixtures in subsequent precious metals recovery operations.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly (e.g. no acid, base, or cyanide) system and process for large scale extraction of metal ion into aerobic molten salt (or ionic liquid) and the electrodeposition of metal (e.g. copper, gold, silver, etc.) from the metal ion dissolved in the molten salt. The non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid salt is reusable, and heat from the molten slag can heat the molten salts or ionic liquids. Another embodiment comprises a one-pot apparatus for the extraction of metal (e.g. copper) from metal earths and electrodepositing the metal using a low melting (209° C.) aerated Na—K—Zn chloride salt in which copper metal oxidizes and is converted to soluble copper chloride. When an electrical power supply is connected to the graphite vessel (cathode) and to copper rods in the melt (anodes), then the copper chloride is deposited as copper metal by electroreduction on the bottom of the graphite reaction vessel.

Abstract: The method of recovering copper from sulfide ores with copper and iron, comprises the steps of reacting, in a reaction vessel, a copper-containing sulfide ore with sulfur dioxide gas to form elemental sulfur, an iron oxide and a copper sulfide, separating the solids comprising the iron oxide and copper sulfate from a liquid phase of the reaction mixture, leaching the dried solids with an aqueous solution comprising water or dilute sulfuric acid and solubilizing the copper sulfate, and recovering copper from the solubilized copper sulfate.

Abstract: Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as a byproduct.

Abstract: Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as a byproduct.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly (e.g. no acid, base, or cyanide) system and process for large scale extraction of metal ion into aerobic molten salt (or ionic liquid) and the electrodeposition of metal (e.g. copper, gold, silver, etc.) from the metal ion dissolved in the molten salt. The non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid salt is reusable, and heat from the molten slag can heat the molten salts or ionic liquids. Another embodiment comprises a one-pot apparatus for the extraction of metal (e.g. copper) from metal earths and electrodepositing the metal using a low melting (209° C.) aerated Na—K—Zn chloride salt in which copper metal oxidizes and is converted to soluble copper chloride. When an electrical power supply is connected to the graphite vessel (cathode) and to copper rods in the melt (anodes), then the copper chloride is deposited as copper metal by electroreduction on the bottom of the graphite reaction vessel.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly (e.g. no acid, base, or cyanide) system and process for large scale extraction of metal ion into aerobic molten salt (or ionic liquid) and the electrodeposition of metal (e.g. copper, gold, silver, etc.) from the metal ion dissolved in the molten salt. The non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid salt is reusable, and heat from the molten slag can heat the molten salts or ionic liquids. Another embodiment comprises a one-pot apparatus for the extraction of metal (e.g. copper) from metal earths and electrodepositing the metal using a low melting (209° C.) aerated Na—K—Zn chloride salt in which copper metal oxidizes and is converted to soluble copper chloride. When an electrical power supply is connected to the graphite vessel (cathode) and to copper rods in the melt (anodes), then the copper chloride is deposited as copper metal by electroreduction on the bottom of the graphite reaction vessel.

Abstract: System for, and methods of, recovering precious metals from precious metals-containing solids are described herein. Methods for the recovery of precious metals from precious metals-containing solids heating a salt mixture to form a molten salt mixture, adding a precious metals-containing solid to the molten salt mixture to form a molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, adding an oxidizing agent to the molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, forming a liquid solution from molten salt/precious metals-containing solids mixture, the liquid solution comprising soluble precious metal salts, and subjecting the liquid solution to an electrodeposition process to form purified precious metals. Systems for, and methods of, recovery precious metals from precious metals-containing solids allow for the recovery of salt mixtures and reuse of the salt mixtures in subsequent precious metals recovery operations.

Abstract: A heat recovery apparatus, system and method of using the same. The heat recovery apparatus includes a support structure having a central passageway extending through the heat recovery apparatus and configured to house at least a portion of a slag conveyor, and a cavity located above the central passageway, the cavity having a plurality of pipes configured for transmission of a heat transfer fluid therethrough.

Abstract: Reference electrodes include a hollow cylindrical body having a proximal end and a distal end; an electrically conductive metal wire partially coated with a metal salt, the wire extending through the proximal end of the cylindrical body and terminating near the distal end of the cylindrical body; an ionic liquid contained within a portion of the cylindrical body, the coated portion of the wire being submerged in the ionic liquid; an air-tight seal on the proximal end of the cylindrical body, the uncoated portion of the wire extending through the air-tight seal; and a ceramic rod discontinuously fused with an inner surface of the cylindrical body at a portion of the distal end. An electrochemical sensor for measuring the corrosion rate of a metal or alloy, at temperatures of about ?100° C. to about 200° C., has an electrochemical cell in a test loop and includes an ionic liquid-containing reference electrode.

Abstract: Graphite oxide, graphene oxide and/or graphene-containing composites for use in a filter assemblies and methods of making the same are described. Fluid treatment systems using a filter assembly having graphite oxide, graphene oxide and/or graphene-containing composites are also described. The filter assemblies and systems described herein can be used to purify contaminated fluids including water, aqueous solutions, a gas or mixture of gases, or any combination thereof. The graphite oxide, graphene oxide and/or graphene-containing composites can also have one or more of a zeolite, a boron nitride, a rare earth element, and an ionic salt incorporated therein for specific uses and desired properties.

Abstract: Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as a byproduct.

Abstract: The method of recovering copper from sulfide ores with copper and iron, comprises the steps of reacting, in a reaction vessel, a copper-containing sulfide ore with sulfur dioxide gas to form elemental sulfur, an iron oxide and a copper sulfide, separating the solids comprising the iron oxide and copper sulfate from a liquid phase of the reaction mixture, leaching the dried solids with an aqueous solution comprising water or dilute sulfuric acid and solubilizing the copper sulfate, and recovering copper from the solubilized copper sulfate.

Abstract: A method for the electrolytic production of pure copper from copper-containing compounds dissolved in a high-temperature bath of molten salts which function as an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell. An electric current is passed between an anode immersed in the copper-ion rich molten salt bath and a cathode or cathode-lined kettle in which the molten salt bath is contained, thereby reducing the dissolved copper ions to form pure molten copper. The deposited molten copper collects at the bottom of the kettle and can be separated from the molten salt bath using conventional means.

Abstract: A combination of antioxidants is proposed as a supplement based on the best available clinical data. The present invention proposes a research-driven approach premised on the basic tenet that there are multiple antioxidant systems and various rate limiting steps. According to the present invention, specific combinations can influence the oxidative process in a way that cannot be achieved by any one individual molecule. It is an object of the present invention to develop and evaluate various combinations of antioxidants in order to determine which combinations are most effective in the treatment of specific conditions. It is a further object of the present invention to use clinical data to determine which combinations of antioxidants consistently yield clinically viable results.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly (e.g. no acid, base, or cyanide) system and process for large scale extraction of metal ion into aerobic molten salt (or ionic liquid) and the electrodeposition of metal (e.g. copper, gold, silver, etc.) from the metal ion dissolved in the molten salt. The non-volatile low vapor pressure liquid salt is reusable, and heat from the molten slag can heat the molten salts or ionic liquids. Another embodiment comprises a one-pot apparatus for the extraction of metal (e.g. copper) from metal earths and electrodepositing the metal using a low melting (209° C.) aerated Na—K—Zn chloride salt in which copper metal oxidizes and is converted to soluble copper chloride. When an electrical power supply is connected to the graphite vessel (cathode) and to copper rods in the melt (anodes), then the copper chloride is deposited as copper metal by electroreduction on the bottom of the graphite reaction vessel.