Abstract: Photooxidation of cyclohexene or tetralin is effected preferably in the presence of a photosensitizer such as an aliphatic ketone by light of wave length of about 2000 .ANG.-7000 .ANG. to form hydroperoxide, alcohol, and ketone products in good photoconversion yield and selectivity.

Abstract: Desalination of water is effected by use of a polyimine membrane which has been cross-linked with a combination of aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanate or with a polycarbonyl chloride cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing oxalic acid to a product includes a cell. A separator which separates the cell into two chambers; a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber. Each chamber has an inlet and an outlet. A porous cathode having a catalyst is arranged within the catholyte chamber so that a catholyte entering the inlet of the catholyte chamber will pass through the cathode. A porous anode is arranged within the anolyte section so that an electrolyte entering the inlet of the anolyte section will pass through the anode and exit through the outlet of anolyte section. A source provides the catholyte which is a mixture of oxalic acid and an electrolyte to the inlet of the catholyte chamber while another source provides the electrolyte to the inlet of the anolyte chamber. A d.c. voltage is provided between the cathode and the anode so as to cooperate in the reduction of oxalic acid within the porous cathode to a product which exits the catholyte chamber by way of its outlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing two chemical products includes a reaction cell having an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The anode chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by an ionic transfer membrane. Each chamber has an electrode connected to a source of DC voltage. A first electrolyte with a first sparging gas is provided to the anode chamber, while a second electrolyte with a second sparging gas is provided to the cathode chamber. The DC voltage, in cooperation with the electrolytes and the sparging gases causes products to form, one in each chamber. The first product is removed from the reacted electrolyte that emerges from the anode chamber while the second product is removed from the reacted electrolyte emerging from the cathode chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to a product includes a housing divided into two sections by a membrane. An electrolyte solution including a non-aqueous electrolyte and a supporting electrolyte is provided to the two sections of the housing. A cathode is located in one section of the housing while an anode is located in the other section. Carbon dioxide is provided to the section having the cathode. A direct current voltage is provided to the cathode and to the anode to cooperate in a reaction between the carbon dioxide and the electrolyte solution to provide a product.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting metallic elements to metallic oxalates in the presence of carbon dioxide includes two redox couple electrolyte solutions separated by a first membrane having photosensitizers. The carbon dioxide to be reduced is provided to a second membrane which is contiguous to one of the redox couple electrolyte solutions. The second membrane has photosensitizers and a catalyst. A non-aqueous electrolyte slurry, which includes a metal element, solvent and salt, is provided in a manner so that some of the slurry is in contact with the second membrane. Both membranes are illuminated and electrical voltage is provided across the electrolyte solutions and the electrolyte slurry in a manner so that there is one electrode in another electrolyte solution and another electrode in the electrolyte slurry so as to cause a reaction between the carbon dioxide at the second membrane and the electrolyte slurry to produce the metallic oxalate.

Abstract: Apparatus for the carbonylation of nitrobenzene or 2-5 dinitrotoluene with carbon dioxide to provide a product includes a housing which contains an electrolyte solution having a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a supporting electrolyte. A membrane divides the housing into two sections while permitting ions to move between the two sections. Carbon dioxide and nitrobenzene or 2-5 dinitrotoluene are provided to the housing. A d.c. voltage is provided across the electrolyte solution in the two sections of the housing, to cooperate in a reaction of the carbon dioxide, the nitrobenzene or the 2-5 dinitrotoluene and the electrolyte solution to provide a chemical product.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing oxalic acid to a product includes a cell. A separator which separates the cell into two chambers; a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber. Each chamber has an inlet and an outlet. A porous cathode having a catalyst is arranged within the catholyte chamber so that a catholyte entering the inlet of the catholyte chamber will pass through the cathode. A porous anode is arranged within the anolyte section so that an electrolyte entering the inlet of the anolyte section will pass through the anode and exit through the outlet of anolyte section. A source provides the catholyte which is a mixture of oxalic acid and an electrolyte to the inlet of the catholyte chamber while another source provides the electrolyte to the inlet of the anolyte chamber. A d.c. voltage is provided between the cathode and the anode so as to cooperate in the reduction of oxalic acid within the porous cathode to a product which exits the catholyte chamber by way of its outlet.

Abstract: A surfactant flooding system for enhanced oil recovery is disclosed which comprises sulfonated creosote oil, as well as a surfactant and solubilizer. The use of sulfonated creosote oil substantially lowers the viscosity of the surfactant system as well as improving the oil recovery efficiency of the system.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrogen-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid or a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid alkoxylated with ethylene oxide. If desired, the drive fluid may be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid or a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid alkoxylated with ethylene oxide. If desired, the drive fluid may be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: A complex product of 1). an interpolymer of dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl methacrylate, C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 alkyl methacrylate and C.sub.16 -C.sub.20 alkyl methacrylate monomers and 2). a liquid poly(alkene-1) of a molecular weight between about 200 and 10,000 prepared by polymerizing the monomers comprising said interpolymer in the presence of said liquid poly(alkene-1). A mineral oil composition of improved viscosity, pour depressing and detergent-dispersant properties and concentrates thereof comprising between about 10 and 95 wt. % of a mineral oil of a lubricating viscosity and between about 0.1 and 90 wt. % of said complex product.

Abstract: A complex product of 1). an interpolymer of an N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl methacrylate, C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 alkyl methacrylate and C.sub.16 -C.sub.20 alkyl methacrylate monomers and 2). a liquid poly(alkene-1) of a molecular weight between about 200 and 10,000 prepared by polymerizing the monomers comprising said interpolymer in the presence of said liquid poly(alkene-1). A mineral oil composition of improved viscosity, pour depressing and detergent-dispersant properties and concentrates thereof comprising between about 10 and 95 wt. % mineral oil of a lubricating viscosity and between about 0.1 and 90 wt. % of said complex product.

Abstract: The pour points of residual fuel oil compositions are decreased substantially by incorporating with a waxy residual fuel oil a minor amount of a low molecular weight highly-branched polymer of normal alpha-olefin having from 10 to 16 carbon atoms. The low molecular weight polymers being oil-soluble liquids can be conveniently blended with the residual fuel oil.

Abstract: A tetrapolymer of a first alkyl methacrylate of the formula: ##STR1## a second alkyl methacrylate of the formula: ##STR2## a third alkyl methacrylate of the formula: ##STR3## and a N, N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylamide of the formula: ##STR4## where R is alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbons, R.sup.1 is alkyl of from 10 to 15 carbons, R.sup.2 is alkyl of from 16 to 20 carbons, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are alkyl of from 1 to 2 carbons and A is a divalent alkylene radical of from 2 to 4 carbons, and hydrocarbon lubricating oil compositions containing dispersant and VI improving amounts of said tetrapolymer.

Abstract: Imide - ester derivatives of ethene - maleic anhydride copolymers are prepared in a two step reaction. These derivatives are useful as adhesives and protective coatings.