Abstract: The present invention pertains to methods and systems for on demand droplet generation and impedance based detection. The microfluidic system can utilize an electrical sensor for detecting an electrical property of a fluid and for generating an electrical signal indicating a change in the electrical property of the fluid; a droplet generator coupled to the electrical sensor configured to generate the droplet from the fluid in response to the electrical signal from the electrical sensor; and a microfluidic channel coupled to the droplet generator for receiving the droplet. The method for generating droplets involves measuring an electrical property of the fluid, transmitting an electrical signal indicative of the electrical property, and forming the droplets from the fluid based on the electrical signal.

Abstract: Restricted operating modes are provided for a motor vehicle when driven by a secondary driver (such as a less experienced driver). A seat occupancy sensor detects the presence of at least one rear seat passenger. A controller includes a memory storing rules defining a restricted operating mode containing a plurality of limitations to be applied to operation of various vehicle accessories in conjunction with the secondary driver. The controller selectively controls the operation of at least one of the accessories according to one of the rules in response to simultaneously detecting the secondary driver and the presence of at least one rear seat passenger. Use of the rules may also depend on whether the rear seat passenger has an unbuckled seat belt.

Abstract: Restricted operating modes are provided for a motor vehicle when driven by a secondary driver (such as a less experienced driver). A seat occupancy sensor detects the presence of at least one rear seat passenger. A controller includes a memory storing rules defining a restricted operating mode containing a plurality of limitations to be applied to operation of various vehicle accessories in conjunction with the secondary driver. The controller selectively controls the operation of at least one of the accessories according to one of the rules in response to simultaneously detecting the secondary driver and the presence of at least one rear seat passenger. Use of the rules may also depend on whether the rear seat passenger has an unbuckled seat belt.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to methods and systems for on demand droplet generation and impedance based detection. The microfluidic system can utilize an electrical sensor for detecting an electrical property of a fluid and for generating an electrical signal indicating a change in the electrical property of the fluid; a droplet generator coupled to the electrical sensor configured to generate the droplet from the fluid in response to the electrical signal from the electrical sensor; and a microfluidic channel coupled to the droplet generator for receiving the droplet. The method for generating droplets involves measuring an electrical property of the fluid, transmitting an electrical signal indicative of the electrical property, and forming the droplets from the fluid based on the electrical signal.

Abstract: A multiple layer microfluidic system and multiple layer microbubble are disclosed. The microfluidic system for producing multiple layer microbubbles includes a first inlet which receives a gas and directs the gas into a central stream, a second inlet which receives an oil and flow focuses the oil around the gas, a third inlet which receives a polymer and lipid solution and flow focuses the polymer and lipid solution around the oil and a fourth inlet which receives a surfactant solution and flow focuses the surfactant solution around the polymer and lipid solution. The multiple layer microbubble includes a gas core, a polymer and lipid shell surrounding the gas core and a surfactant layer surrounding shell.

Abstract: A multiple layer microbubble drug delivery system, multiple layer microbubble drug delivery vehicle, method thereof and fabrication method are disclosed. The microfluidic drug delivery system for producing multiple layer microbubbles includes a first inlet which receives a gas and directs the gas into a central stream, a second inlet which receives a first liquid containing a drug substance and flow focuses the first liquid around the gas, a third inlet which receives a second liquid and flow focuses the second liquid around the first liquid and a fourth inlet which receives a third liquid and flow focuses the third liquid around the second liquid. The multiple layer microbubble drug delivery vehicle includes a gas core, a first liquid layer containing a drug and surrounding the gas core, a second liquid layer surrounding the first liquid layer to stabilize the first liquid layer and a plurality of particles outside the second liquid layer.

Abstract: A method for forming monodisperse lipoplex assemblies includes providing a microfluidic device having a main microfluidic channel coupled to first and second reactant inlet channels. The first inlet channel is used to deliver a cationic lipid to the main channel while the second channel is used to deliver a nucleic acid. A droplet generation zone is provided in the main channel at the intersection of first and second carrier channels that contain a hydrophobic fluid. The cationic lipid, nucleic acid, and the hydrophobic fluid are then pumped through the device. In the droplet generation zone, shear force from the hydrophobic fluid pinches off droplets. The cationic lipid and nucleic acid are mixed in the generated droplets as the droplets move within a mixing region. A plurality of splitting channels may be coupled to the outlet of the device to produce smaller, monodisperse droplets having picoliter volumes.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the encapsulation of cells on microfluidic platforms are disclosed. The microfluidic device generally includes a plurality of functional regions to shear, focus, and encapsulate a desired cell or group of cells into a droplet. The microfluidic device can further comprise a polymerization zone to form a polymer bead around the droplet.

Abstract: Systems and methods that control the size and composition of emulsified droplets, multi-lamellar and asymmetric vesicles, encapsulation of reagents, membrane proteins, and sorting of vesicles/droplets. More particularly, microfluidic devices for controlled viscous shearing of oil-water emulsions of micro- and nano-scale droplets, the subsequent formation of amphiphilic vesicles such as liposomes, polymer vesicles, micelles, and the like, the post-assembly and post-processing of the droplets including splitting, fusing, sorting and the like, polymer emulsions, and the integration of amphiphilic vesicle production-line on a single microfluidic chip. Preferably, the microfluidic device enables oil-water co-flows with tunable viscous shear forces higher than the immiscible interfacial tension forces that generate favorable conditions for droplet formation.

Abstract: A multiple layer microbubble drug delivery system, multiple layer microbubble drug delivery vehicle, method thereof and fabrication method is disclosed. The microfluidic drug delivery system for producing multiple layer microbubbles includes a first inlet which receives a gas and directs the gas into a central stream, a second inlet which receives a first liquid containing a drug substance and flow focuses the first liquid around the gas and a third inlet which receives a second liquid and flow focuses the second liquid around the first liquid. The multiple layer microbubble drug delivery vehicle includes a gas core, a first liquid layer containing a drug and surrounding the gas core and a second liquid layer surrounding the first liquid layer to stabilize the first liquid layer.

Abstract: The invention comprises an oral platform, a microchip for making physiological tests and/or delivery of drugs, and a stick connected to the platform to serve as a handle or conduit from the microchip for exterior communication. A candy shell coating on the platform incorporates medicinal agents. The platform has a plurality of fluidic ports conducive for communication of saliva to or oral delivery from the microchip. A base unit is connected to the stick and communicates to the microchip. The platform, microchip, and stick are combined together into a lollipop and further comprise a plurality of base units which are interchangeable with a plurality of lollipops. A cradle unit capable of is temporarily coupled to the base unit for recharging the base unit. The cradle unit further provides data processing, communication and/or display. The invention is also a method of making physiological tests and/or delivering drugs with the above device.