Abstract: A sensor comprises a group of four memristors arranged in an array. Two of the memristors are connected in series as a first pair, and the other two memristors are connected in series as a second pair. The first and second pairs are connected in parallel between two connection points. Each memristor acts as a sensor element because it has an electrical resistance characteristic that is related to exposure to a species to be sensed. In the sensor, the resistance characteristic of the array between the first and second connection points is related to exposure to the species to be sensed. A sensor comprising a larger array can be composed of multiple groups of four memristors.

Abstract: A memristor-based circuit includes a voltage generator that applies a series of voltage pulses to a memristor to progressively change the resistance of the memristor. A comparator: receives an input electrical value; receives an electrical value based on the resistance of the memristor; compares the received values; and, based on the comparison, enables the application of the voltage pulses to the memristor by the voltage generator until a defined condition is satisfied. This circuit can be used to enable the memristor to be programmed to a desired resistance value, such as for use as a non-volatile memory. It can also enable the resistance of one memristor to be replicated to another memristor. By counting the number of applied voltage pulses, the circuit can be used as an encoder or analog-to-digital converter. Other variants of the circuit enable construction of a decoder or digital-to-analog converter, and an authentication circuit.

Abstract: A memristor-based circuit includes a voltage generator that applies a series of voltage pulses to a memristor to progressively change the resistance of the memristor. A comparator: receives an input electrical value; receives an electrical value based on the resistance of the memristor; compares the received values; and, based on the comparison, enables the application of the voltage pulses to the memristor by the voltage generator until a defined condition is satisfied. This circuit can be used to enable the memristor to be programmed to a desired resistance value, such as for use as a non-volatile memory. It can also enable the resistance of one memristor to be replicated to another memristor. By counting the number of applied voltage pulses, the circuit can be used as an encoder or analog-to-digital converter. Other variants of the circuit enable construction of a decoder or digital-to-analog converter, and an authentication circuit.

Abstract: A sensor comprises a plurality of sensor elements arranged in an array. Each sensor element is memristive and has an electrical resistance characteristic related to exposure to a species to be sensed. The sensor elements are arranged to be connectable such that at least one sensor element is connected in parallel with at least one other sensor element. By using appropriate connections, the array of sensor elements can be read.

Abstract: A sensor comprises a plurality of sensor elements arranged in an array. Each sensor element is memristive and has an electrical resistance characteristic related to exposure to a species to be sensed. The sensor elements are arranged to be connectable such that at least one sensor element is connected in parallel with at least one other sensor element. By using appropriate connections, the array of sensor elements can be read.

Abstract: Error-correcting circuit includes: component generating a first output from first and second inputs; error detector generating an error flag indicative of whether or not an error is detected in the first output, based on the first output, and the first and second inputs; correction generator generating a correcting output after a first time period beginning with a timing event, based on the first output, and the first and second inputs; and output generator generating an output after a second time period beginning with the timing event. If the error flag indicates a detected error then the second time period may be longer than the first time period, otherwise it may be not longer, and the error-correcting circuit output may include a combination of the first output and the correcting output whereby the detected error is corrected, otherwise the error-correcting circuit output may correspond directly to the first output.

Abstract: An error-correcting circuit comprises: a component arranged to generate a first output from a first input and a second input; an error detector arranged to generate an error flag indicative of whether or not it has detected an error in the first output, based on the first output, the first input and the second input; a correction generator suitable for generating a correcting output after a first time period beginning with a timing event, based on the first output, the first input and the second input; and an output generator arranged to generate an output of the error-correcting circuit after a second time period beginning with the timing event. If the error flag indicates that an error has been detected in the first output then the second time period may be longer than the first time period, otherwise the second time period may be not longer than the first time period.