Abstract: A system provides for transmission of information between an article carrying information and an apparatus for processing the information, in which the article includes an arrangement for modulating the reflectance of at least one area of a liquid crystal device as a function of information to be transmitted to the processing apparatus. The system includes a reader having a station for receiving the article, and an optical arrangement at the station which is sensitive to the reflectance of the area of the liquid crystal device to form signals representative of information given out by the article. Also included is an arrangement for the transmission of these signals to the processing apparatus.

Abstract: This device validates participation of an individual in an operation where coded information on an information bearing medium must be read. It comprises: an input interface, processing means comprising means of validation on the basis of said participation, which means being adapted to prevent said validation if a variable numeric value contained in said information coincides with variable numeric values previously held in memory; at least one memory inaccessible from said input interface and managed by said processing means in order to store in memory, for a predetermined period, information representative of said variable numeric values, and input interface for outward transmission from the device of an output code X representative of participations validated by the processing means, and electric power source for the various electric circuits in the device. It applications are in televised, radio, or other games.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a optical reception device, (R), a microcomputer (4) which is appropriate for processing the signals received, a display device (6), an electrical energy source for supplying the various circuits, a keyboard (8), and a device (12) for storing data. The microcomputer (4) is programmed to permit the user of the device to participate in a televised program which is unfolding according to a predetermined chronology by entering at the keyboard responses to questions posed on the screen during the unfolding of the program. Its application is to televised games.

Abstract: This device allows an individual to participate in a television program as a function of remotely loaded data. It includes a device for reception of date (R), a keyboard (8), a clock (10) and a device for processing data entered at the keyboard as a function of the remotely loaded data and for producing a result which is a function of the processing. A device for certification is coupled to the clock (10) in order to measure the elapsed time between a characteristic instant of the running of a scenario in the device (1) and the establishment of a certification link with a server (S). A certified result is supplied by a device for comparison when there is equality, to within a given tolerance, between the measured time and a reference time computed by the server.