Abstract: The invention relates to a filling and closing device (20) for an applicator for active substances (1) and to a method for filling and closing such an applicator for active substances (1) by means of such a filling and closing device (20). The applicator for active substances (1) comprises an applicator tube (7) that overlaps the sealing edge (5), at least in part. The filling and closing device (20) comprises a receiving element (21) for the lower part (2) of the applicator for active substances (1), having a circumferential pressure surface (22) and a receiving channel (23) for the applicator tube (7), said receiving channel extending below the pressure surface (22). The receiving element (21) is constructed of at least two parts, having a base element (24) and a cover element (25) that is movable with respect to the base element (24).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optical light modulation element and to electro-optical displays and display systems, such as television screens and computer monitors, containing elements of this type. The light modulation elements according to the invention contain a mesogenic modulation medium which is in the isotropic phase during operation of the light modulation elements and are particularly distinguished by very short response times in addition to good contrast and low viewing-angle dependence. The mesogenic modulation media used in the electro-optical light modulation elements are likewise a subject-matter of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filling and closing device (20) for an applicator for active substances (1) and to a method for filling and closing such an applicator for active substances (1) by means of such a filling and closing device (20). The applicator for active substances (1) comprises an applicator tube (7) that overlaps the sealing edge (5), at least in part. The filling and closing device (20) comprises a receiving element (21) for the lower part (2) of the applicator for active substances (1), having a circumferential pressure surface (22) and a receiving channel (23) for the applicator tube (7), said receiving channel extending below the pressure surface (22). The receiving element (21) is constructed of at least two parts, having a base element (24) and a cover element (25) that is movable with respect to the base element (24).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optical light modulation element and to electro-optical displays and display systems, such as television screens and computer monitors, containing elements of this type. The light modulation elements according to the invention contain a mesogenic modulation medium which is in the isotropic phase during operation of the light modulation elements and are particularly distinguished by very short response times in addition to good contrast and low viewing-angle dependence. The mesogenic modulation media used in the electro-optical light modulation elements are likewise a subject-matter of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optical light modulation element and to electro-optical displays and display systems, such as television screens and computer monitors, containing elements of this type. The light modulation elements according to the invention contain a mesogenic modulation medium which is in the isotropic phase during operation of the light modulation elements and are particularly distinguished by very short response times in addition to good contrast and low viewing-angle dependence. The mesogenic modulation media used in the electro-optical light modulation elements are likewise a subject-matter of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optic light control element, electro-optic displays containing said elements and display systems such as TV screens and computer monitors. The inventive light control elements contain a mesogenic control medium which is present in the isotropic phase during operation of the light control elements and arc characterized both by good contrast and low angular field dependence and particularly by very short switching, times. The invention also relates to the mesogenic control media used in the electro-optic light control elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline phenol esters of the formula I in which R, A1, Z1, m, L and Y are as defined in Claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one phenol ester of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing such a liquid-crystalline medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline phenol esters of the formula I in which R, A1, Z1, m, L and Y are as defined in Claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one phenol ester of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing such a liquid-crystalline medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline phenol esters of the formula I in which R, A1, Z1, m, L and Y are as defined in Claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one phenol ester of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing such a liquid-crystalline medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I and to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I in which R, A1, A2, Z1, Y, Z, L1, L2 and m are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline phenol esters of the formula I in which R, A1, Z1, m, L and Y are as defined in Claim 1, to liquid-crystalline media comprising at least one phenol ester of the formula I, and to electro-optical displays containing such a liquid-crystalline medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal electro-optical switching member that comprises at least one polariser and a liquid crystal layer having an initial orientation in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented so as to be essentially parallel to the substrates and to each other. The change of orientation of the liquid crystals, from their initial orientation that is substantially parallel to the substrates, is induced by a corresponding electric field which is oriented so as to be practically parallel to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy and so as to be practically perpendicular to the substrates in the case liquid crystal with a positive dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal layer has an optical delay [(d&Dgr;n) LC?] of between 0.06 and 0.43 &mgr;m. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display system that comprises said liquid crystal switching members.

Abstract: A box-erecting apparatus has a supply holding a stack of flattened blanks, an erecting station spaced in a transport direction from the supply and provided with a plunger and elements for erecting a flattened blank into an upwardly open box, and a support between the supply and the station positioned to receive a flattened blank. An inner arm between the supply and the station has an inner end pivoted about an inner axis transverse to the direction and an outer end, and an outer arm has an inner end pivoted on the inner-arm outer end about an outer axis generally parallel to the inner axis and an outer end carrying a grab. A drive can pivot the arms independently of each other about the respective axes between a position with the grab engaging one of the blanks in the support and a position depositing one of the blanks on the support.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optic light control element, electro-optic displays containing said elements and display systems such as TV screens and computer monitors. The inventive light control elements contain a mesogenic control medium which is present in the isotropic phase during operation of the light control elements and arc characterized both by good contrast and low angular field dependence and particularly by very short switching, times. The invention also relates to the mesogenic control media used in the electro-optic light control elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to esters of the formula I and to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I in which R, A1, Z1, L1, L2, Y and n are as defined in herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I in which R1, L1, L2, L3, L4, X and u are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the general formula I 1