Abstract: Aspects of the invention include a method and apparatus for processing a substrate using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) adapted to process substrates in one or more batch and/or single substrate processing chambers to increase the system throughput. In one embodiment, a system is configured to perform a substrate processing sequence that contains batch processing chambers only, or batch and single substrate processing chambers, to optimize throughput and minimize processing defects due to exposure to a contaminating environment. In one embodiment, a batch processing chamber is used to increase the system throughput by performing a process recipe step that is disproportionately long compared to other process recipe steps in the substrate processing sequence that are performed on the cluster tool. In another embodiment, two or more batch chambers are used to process multiple substrates using one or more of the disproportionately long processing steps in a processing sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to provide a portable networking interface for distributed switching systems. Two Application Program Interfaces (APIs) are defined for communication to a Forwarding Database Distribution Library (FDDL). The FDDL sits between network client applications and the switch device driver in order to provide a uniform interface to the switch device driver. Towers may be added to the FDDL to provide additional functionality specific to certain client applications.

Abstract: In a multilateration apparatus a correlator is provided with a time of arrival correlation window which is set to cater for the path lengths that may be experienced before a signal from an object to be located is received by receivers in the system. This may be on the basis of the largest possible path length in the system or on a receiver by receiver basis.

Abstract: Processes and machines for producing large area sheets or films of crystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous material are set forth; the production of such sheets being valuable for the manufacturing of solar photovoltaic cells, flat panel displays and the like. In one embodiment the surface of a rotating cylindrical workpiece (10) is implanted with an ion beam (30), whereby a layer of weakened material if formed below the surface, whereby sheet (20) may be detached and peeled off in an unrolling fashion, producing arbitrarily large, monolithic sheets. Optional annealing heater (40) may be used to improve the quality of the film. The sheet may also be optionally supported on a temporary or permanent handle (50) which may be rigid sheet such as glass, or a flexible sheet, such as a polymer film. Representative pinch roller (60) may assist in the lamination of handle (50) to sheet (20) before or after the point of separation of sheet (20) from workpiece (10).

Abstract: An apparatus and method to provide a portable networking interface for distributed switching systems. Two Application Program Interfaces (APIs) are defined for communication to a Forwarding Database Distribution Library (FDDL). The FDDL sits between network client applications and the switch device driver in order to provide a uniform interface to the switch device driver. Towers may be added to the FDDL to provide additional functionality specific to certain client applications.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for successively and repeatedly illuminating a number of remote areas collectively defining a larger area with light in the form of a beam or beams to induce a physiological blink response or optical blink reflex in the illuminated eye of an animal (e.g., a human) within the area being illuminated. Each area being intermittently illuminated long enough to induce a blink response from an animal (e.g. human) subject there, after which another area(s) is illuminated in the meantime while illumination of the initial area is not required since the subject(s) there would still be recovering from their blink response.

Abstract: An interface method to provide a portable networking interface for distributed switching systems. Two Application Program Interfaces (APIs) are defined for communication to a Forwarding Database Distribution Library (FDDL). The FDDL sits between network client applications and the switch device driver in order to provide a uniform interface to the switch device driver. Towers may be added to the FDDL to provide additional functionality specific to certain client applications.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for successively and repeatedly illuminating a number of remote areas collectively defining a larger area with light in the form of a beam or beams to induce a physiological blink response or optical blink reflex in the illuminated eye of an animal (e.g., a human) within the area being illuminated. Each area being intermittently illuminated long enough to induce a blink response from an animal (e.g. human) subject there, after which another area(s) is illuminated in the meantime while illumination of the initial area is not required since the subject(s) there would still be recovering from their blink response.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to provide a portable networking interface for distributed switching systems. Two Application Program Interfaces (APIs) are defined for communication to a Forwarding Database Distribution Library (FDDL). The FDDL sits between network client applications and the switch device driver in order to provide a uniform interface to the switch device driver. Towers may be added to the FDDL to provide additional functionality specific to certain client applications.

Abstract: A method of determining the position of a target comprising the steps of: providing a transmitter or a plurality of transmitters to transmit a signal to the target, providing a receiver or a plurality of receivers to receive signals reflected from said target. Determining the time of arrival information of said reflected signal at the or each receiver; using information pertaining to the position of the or each receiver and/or the or each transmitter and with the information obtained determining the target position. Preferably the signal includes a modulated or coded portion unique to the transmitter; and said signal portion is associated with the or each particular transmitter by virtue of said signal portion. The signal maybe a mobile phone transmission, DAB, digital TV, digital Radio or digital satellite transmissions.

Abstract: The invention is a plasma-generating device useful in a wide variety of industrial processes. The plasma is formed in a chamber having a toroidal topology, and is heated inductively. As with all inductive plasmas, a primary coil carries an applied AC current, which, in turn, generates a corresponding applied AC magnetic flux inside the plasma. This flux induces current to flow through the plasma in closed paths that encircle the flux, thereby heating and maintaining the plasma. In this invention, the applied AC current flows through the primary coil around substantially the short poloidal direction on the torus. Accordingly, the applied magnetic flux is caused to circulate through the plasma along the larger toroidal direction. Finally, the current induced within the plasma will flow in the poloidal direction, anti-parallel to the applied primary current.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming a light emitting polymer comprising photopolymerization of a reactive mesogen having an endgroup which is susceptible to photopolymerization e.g. by a radical polymerization process. Also provided are methods for using the light emitter in displays, backlights, electronic apparatus and security viewers.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming a light emitting polymer comprising photopolymerization of a reactive mesogen having an endgroup which is susceptible to photopolymerization e.g. by a radical polymerization process. Also provided are methods for using the light emitter in displays, backlights, electronic apparatus and security viewers.

Abstract: To insure connection resiliency two LECs are defined in normal practice in which a lengthy and extensive recovery procedure is enforced in case of an ATM interface failure. In the present invention only one LEC is configured. This LEC is configured to be If the active ATM interface fails, the bridge is not notified of the failure as would normally happen. The LEC associates itself with the alternate ATM and rejoins the ELAN via the alternate ATM interface. The ELAN Join Procedure is one of the LAN Emulation protocols. After the ELAN has rejoined, the LEC automatically re-establishes the previously existing Data Direct VCCs (bi-directional point to point LAN Emulation connection established from one LEC to another) using its LE_ARP (LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol) cache entries.

Abstract: A method and system for providing enhanced peer redundancy in an ATM emulated local area network (ELAN) served by a primary LAN emulation server (LES), a peer LAN emulation server, a broadcast and unknown server (BUS), and a LAN emulation configuration server (LECS). An enhanced peer redundancy virtual channel connection (VCC) is established between the primary LES/BUS and the peer LES/BUS. The primary LES/BUS and the peer LES/BUS exchange status messages every two seconds indicating the number of assigned LECs. If the primary has fewer LECs than the peer, the primary yields to the peer as the active LES/BUS. If an enhanced redundancy VCC was not established, the backup LES/BUS provides ELAN services while waiting for the primary to call to establish an enhanced redundancy VCC. If an enhanced peer redundancy VCC cannot be established, the primary attempts to establish a redundancy VCC with the peer in which the peer LES/BUS is kept in a dormant mode as long as the redundancy VCC is present.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for achieving enhanced performance in communications between a plurality of emulated networks overlaid onto at least one base network, wherein the communications involve one or more source route bridges. The method and system accomplish their objects via the following. Determining when communication is to occur, through the one or more source route bridges, and between at least two entities where a first of the at least two entities is a member of a first emulated network and where a second of the at least two entities is a member of another of the plurality of emulated networks. Informing the at least one of the at least two entities of one or more addresses consonant with the protocols of the at least one base network wherein the one or more addresses identify one or more base network entities closely correspondent to at least one of the at least two entities.

Abstract: The invention is a plasma-generating device useful in a wide variety of industrial processes. The plasma is formed in a chamber having a toroidal topology, and is heated inductively. As with all inductive plasmas, a primary coil carries an applied AC current, which, in turn, generates a corresponding applied AC magnetic flux inside the plasma. This flux induces current to flow through the plasma in closed paths that encircle the flux, thereby heating and maintaining the plasma. In this invention, the applied AC current flows through the primary coil around substantially the short poloidal direction on the torus. Accordingly, the applied magnetic flux is caused to circulate through the plasma along the larger toroidal direction. Finally, the current induced within the plasma will flow in the poloidal direction, anti-parallel to the applied primary current.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for balanced transmitting of data across a link aggregation of k links in a network, where k is not a power of 2, where data is specified by frames each having a source address and a destination address. N bits of the source address and N bits of the destination address are determined to be XORed together where N is greater than 2. An index table with 2N entry positions is created where each of the entry positions is assigned an index number between 0 and 2N−1. The entry positions of the index table are filled with one link of the k links in each entry position by repetitively entering each of the k links until all of the entry positions are filled. The frames of data with identical source address and destination addresses as other frames of data are grouped into a flow. N bits of the source address are XORed together with N bits of the destination address for each flow to obtain an N bit index number for each flow.

Abstract: When multi-destination traffic is distributed through a host or switch, the decision to distribute each frame is performed by each egress port and not the ingress port. Within a link aggregation group, the multi-destination frame is sent to each of the egress ports within the link aggregation group. Each of such ports will then determine whether it should re-transmit the frame. If not, the frame is discarded.