Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes, where three dimensional (3D) models of the physical structures can be produced to include lattices, hollows, holes, and combinations thereof, include: obtaining design criteria for an object; iteratively modifying 3D topology and shape(s) for the object using generative design process(es) that employ a macrostructure representation, e.g., using level-set method(s), in combination with physical simulation(s) that place void(s) in solid region(s) or solid(s) in void region(s) of the generative model of the object; and providing a 3D model of the generative design for the object for use in manufacturing a physical structure corresponding to the object using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides. Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: The present invention discloses handheld tracking systems and devices comprising of at least one handheld tracking device for intra-operative aligning or positioning of surgical implant systems and instruments with reference to the anatomy of a patient. The handheld tracking system further comprises of at least one trackable element. The handheld device is mounted at the proposed implantation site using the holding means while trackable element(s) is/are mounted at predetermined location(s) such that data from said deployed trackable element(s) relating to the position of the patient and the surgical instruments are input continuously into the handheld devices. The handheld device then processes the data on the basis of pre-loaded preoperative scanned images in the processing means to monitor the accurate placement of said implant system onsite in sterile environment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: A method of designing a group of femoral implants from three-dimensional images of femurs from a patient population greater than 100. A boundary between cortical and cancellous bone is defined in each of the images. A longitudinal axis of the femur is defined centered within the boundary. The width of the boundary is measured in a direction perpendicular to the axis at multiple cross-sections along the longitudinal axis spaced less than 20 mm. At least five (5) different size implants for implantation in a noncortical bone area of the femur are designed based on the measured widths. At least one area of the proximal femoral component boundary is designed where the implant outer surface is sized to be within 2 mm of the cortical bone. The proximal dimensions of the at least five implants are sized to provide the fit within 2 mm in 95% of the femurs from the population.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: A method for preparing a proximal femoral canal of a patient during total hip replacement surgery uses an instrument having a handle, a shaping member including structure configured to shape bone, wherein the structure configured to shape bone comprises at least two cutting surfaces on opposite sides of the shaping member, and a connecting member connecting the handle and the shaping member, the connecting member having a plurality of transverse cross sections. The connecting member includes a dual offset including a first compound bend between the connecting member and the handle, wherein when following a direction from the connecting member to the handle, the first compound bend includes a bend in a posterior direction and a bend in a lateral direction. The connecting member also includes a second compound bend between the connecting member and the shaping member, the second compound bend in an anterior and a medial direction.

Abstract: A method for preparing a proximal femoral canal of a patient during total hip replacement surgery uses an instrument having a handle, a shaping member including structure configured to shape bone, wherein the structure configured to shape bone comprises at least two cutting surfaces on opposite sides of the shaping member, and a connecting member connecting the handle and the shaping member, the connecting member having a plurality of transverse cross sections. The connecting member includes a dual offset including a first compound bend between the connecting member and the handle, wherein when following a direction from the connecting member to the handle, the first compound bend includes a bend in a posterior direction and a bend in a lateral direction. The connecting member also includes a second compound bend between the connecting member and the shaping member, the second compound bend in an anterior and a medial direction.

Abstract: A method for preparing a proximal femoral canal of a patient during total hip replacement surgery uses an instrument having a handle, a shaping member including structure configured to shape bone, wherein the structure configured to shape bone comprises at least two cutting surfaces on opposite sides of the shaping member, and a connecting member connecting the handle and the shaping member, the connecting member having a plurality of transverse cross sections. The connecting member includes a dual offset including a first compound bend between the connecting member and the handle, wherein when following a direction from the connecting member to the handle, the first compound bend includes a bend in a posterior direction and a bend in a lateral direction. The connecting member also includes a second compound bend between the connecting member and the shaping member, the second compound bend in an anterior and a medial direction.

Abstract: A method of designing a group of femoral implants from three-dimensional images of femurs from a patient population greater than 100. A boundary between cortical and cancellous bone is defined in each of the images. A longitudinal axis of the femur is defined centered within the boundary. The width of the boundary is measured in a direction perpendicular to the axis at multiple cross-sections along the longitudinal axis spaced less than 20 mm. At least five (5) different size implants for implantation in a noncortical bone area of the femur are designed based on the measured widths. At least one area of the proximal femoral component boundary is designed where the implant outer surface is sized to be within 2 mm of the cortical bone. The proximal dimensions of the at least five implants are sized to provide the fit within 2 mm in 95% of the femurs from the population.

Abstract: A method for preparing a proximal femoral canal of a patient during total hip replacement surgery uses a shaping instrument or broach having a proximal portion with an anterior surface, and a posterior surface, each surface being spaced apart from a medial-lateral plane through the shaping instrument. A handle portion having a proximal portion having a first longitudinal axis is connected to a transition portion having a second longitudinal axis and a distal portion having a third longitudinal axis. Wherein the handle includes a dual offset including a first compound bend between the transition portion and the proximal portion and wherein, when following a direction from the transition portion to the proximal portion, the first compound bend includes a bend in the posterior direction and a bend in the lateral direction, and wherein the first compound bend is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing total hip arthroplasty with patient-specific guides Pre-operative images of a pelvic region of a patient are taken in order to predefine the structure of the guides and corresponding implants. From the obtained image data an insertional vector for implanting an acetabular implant or component into an acetabulum of the patient is determined, wherein the insertional vector is coaxial with a polar axis of the acetabular component. Also from the obtained image data, a superior surface of the guides and implants can be shaped to match the acetabulum of the patient. A nub portion extending outwardly from the superior surface of the guides and implants is shaped to substantially match the shape of a fovea of the acetabulum. A guide portion of the guides forming a slot has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the determined insertional vector of a corresponding acetabular component.

Abstract: A method for preparing a proximal femoral canal of a patient during total hip replacement surgery uses a shaping instrument or broach having a proximal portion with an anterior surface, and a posterior surface, each surface being spaced apart from a medial-lateral plane through the shaping instrument. A handle portion having a proximal portion having a first longitudinal axis is connected to a transition portion having a second longitudinal axis and a distal portion having a third longitudinal axis. Wherein the handle comprises a dual offset including a first compound bend between the transition portion and the proximal portion and wherein, when following a direction from the transition portion to the proximal portion, the first compound bend includes a bend in the posterior direction and a bend in the lateral direction, and wherein the first compound bend is less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: A resection guide having an alignment barrel with holes that pass through the entire cross-section of the alignment barrel is disclosed. An alignment guide is mounted on the alignment barrel. Alignment guide can translate and rotate with respect to alignment barrel. The alignment guide has holes that extend through it. A resection plate is located at one end of the alignment guide. The resection plate has a resection surface. The resection guide is located on a bone using a navigation system and attached to the bone by driving two nails through the holes on the alignment barrel and one nail through one of the holes on the alignment guide. The resection surface is used to guide a tool for resecting the bone.