Abstract: A computing system includes at least one processor and memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to instruct a synchronization engine to synchronize first and second versions of a file, the first version being stored on a first storage system and the second version being stored on a second storage system, receive a backoff indicator corresponding to the file, based on the backoff indicator, instruct the synchronization engine to backoff synchronizing changes to the file, and allow the changes to the file to be synchronized by a co-authoring application, maintain a first set of collaborative metadata indicative of content of the first version of the file, and maintain a second set of collaborative metadata indicative of content of the second version of the file.

Abstract: A computing system includes at least one processor and memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing system to instruct a synchronization engine to synchronize first and second versions of a file, the first version being stored on a first storage system and the second version being stored on a second storage system, receive a backoff indicator corresponding to the file, based on the backoff indicator, instruct the synchronization engine to backoff synchronizing changes to the file, and allow the changes to the file to be synchronized by a co-authoring application, maintain a first set of collaborative metadata indicative of content of the first version of the file, and maintain a second set of collaborative metadata indicative of content of the second version of the file.

Abstract: A synchronization engine detects a notification of a change to a file. It determines whether an application associated with the file has indicated that the file is to be synchronized by the application. If so, the changes to the file are synchronized between a cloud-based storage system and a local disk by the application. Collaborative metadata, associated with the synchronized file, is updated to indicate a state of a copy of the file on the local disk and a copy of the file in the cloud-based storage system. The collaborative metadata is stored by the synchronization engine.

Abstract: A synchronization engine detects a notification of a change to a file. It determines whether an application associated with the file has indicated that the file is to be synchronized by the application. If so, the changes to the file are synchronized between a cloud-based storage system and a local disk by the application. Collaborative metadata, associated with the synchronized file, is updated to indicate a state of a copy of the file on the local disk and a copy of the file in the cloud-based storage system. The collaborative metadata is stored by the synchronization engine.

Abstract: Context-sensitive content may be created that may be recognized by a particular program but ignored by other programs. For example, in an e-mail message or other type of message, content could be created that advises the user to download a particular client for an enhanced content-viewing experience, along with a link pointing to a site where the client may be downloaded. This content and link could be surrounded by tags that would not be recognized by most clients, but that would be recognized by the client that provides the enhanced experience. Thus, most clients would render the advice and link, but the client that provides the enhanced experience could be configured to omit the link when it recognizes the surrounding tags, since a recipient who is viewing the e-mail with that client already has access to the enhanced experience.

Abstract: Architecture that creates an independent system which takes as input standard 2D layers and composites and renders the layers in 3D. Hardware accelerated graphics effects can be added to these layers, and additionally, the layers can be animated independently. Layer types provided include CPU, bitmap, GPU, and Direct2D. The layers are organized in trees and the layer manager handles the layers composition, rendering, and animations on hardware or software devices. Layers have properties such as visibility, 3D coordinates, for example. Animations and transitions can be provided at the layer and layer property level.

Abstract: Context-sensitive content may be created that may be recognized by a particular program but ignored by other programs. For example, in an e-mail message or other type of message, content could be created that advises the user to download a particular client for an enhanced content-viewing experience, along with a link pointing to a site where the client may be downloaded. This content and link could be surrounded by tags that would not be recognized by most clients, but that would be recognized by the client that provides the enhanced experience. Thus, most clients would render the advice and link, but the client that provides the enhanced experience could be configured to omit the link when it recognizes the surrounding tags, since a recipient who is viewing the e-mail with that client already has access to the enhanced experience.