Abstract: An electrical heater assembly and an exhaust treatment assembly. The electrical heater assembly includes a heater body including an array of intersecting walls that form a plurality of channels extending in an axial direction. The intersecting walls and channels together define a honeycomb pattern of cells. A plurality of slots extend from an outer periphery of the heater body and terminate within the heater body. Each of the plurality of slots disconnects some of the cells of the heater body from each other to define a serpentine current-carrying path through the heater body. Each slot comprises a receptacle portion located between opposing portions of the slot. A plurality of slot separators located respectively in the receptacle portions. Each slot separator has dimensions greater than the opposing portions of the slot to provide support to the heater body in all directions perpendicular to the axial direction.

Abstract: An electrical heater assembly and an exhaust treatment assembly. The electrical heater assembly includes a heater body including an array of intersecting walls that form a plurality of channels extending in an axial direction. The intersecting walls and channels together define a honeycomb pattern of cells. A plurality of slots extend from an outer periphery of the heater body and terminate within the heater body. Each of the plurality of slots disconnects some of the cells of the heater body from each other to define a serpentine current-carrying path through the heater body. Each slot comprises a receptacle portion located between opposing portions of the slot. A plurality of slot separators located respectively in the receptacle portions. Each slot separator has dimensions greater than the opposing portions of the slot to provide support to the heater body in all directions perpendicular to the axial direction.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method (100) for use in cutting a substrate or preparing a substrate for cleaving. The method (100) comprises: irradiating (102) the substrate with a plurality of pulses of a laser beam, the pulses having a pulse duration of less than a nanosecond and an elongate cross sectional spatial profile, and wherein the fluence of the plurality of pulses is controlled to be less than a single shot damage threshold fluence of the substrate; providing (104) relative movement between the laser beam and the substrate such that the plurality of pulses are arranged along a cutting path; and controlling (106) the relative movement such that each of the pulses is spatially overlapped with at least one other of the pulses along the cutting path. An apparatus having a laser system configured to perform the method (100) is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrical heater assembly, an exhaust treatment assembly, and method of manufacture. The electrical heater assembly includes a heater body including a plurality of slots disconnecting portions of the heater body from each other. Each slot includes a first end portion that extends to a second end portion, and a receptacle portion located between the first end portion and the second end portion. Portions of the heater body not disconnected by the plurality of slots form a serpentine current-carrying path through the heater body. The first end portion of each slot has a first width, the second end portion of each slot has a second width, and the receptacle portion of each slot has a third width, and the third width is larger than both the first width and the second width.

Abstract: A heater body including an outer periphery. A plurality of slots extend from the outer periphery and terminate within the heater body. A plurality of core segments are defined between pairs of adjacent slots. A plurality of bend regions are arranged around respective terminal ends of the slots. Each pair of adjacent core segments is connected by a corresponding one of the bend regions. An auxiliary conductive feature is located within each of the bend regions. The plurality of slots electrically disconnect each pair of adjacent core segments from each other to create a serpentine current-carrying path that extends across the heater body through the electrically conductive material of the core segments and the bend regions. Each of the auxiliary conductive features locally reduces an electrical resistance of the heater body in the bend regions in comparison to the electrically conductive material alone.

Abstract: An electrical heater, an exhaust treatment assembly, and method of manufacture. The heater includes a resistive portion configured to generate heat when electrical current is passed therethrough. A plurality of slots extend into the resistive portion from an outer periphery of the resistive portion and define a serpentine current-carrying path extending through the resistive portion between a pair of electrode attachment portions. Each of the electrode attachment portions is connected to a respective end segment that is bounded between an outer periphery of the resistive portion and a respective first slot of the plurality of slots. At least one auxiliary slot in each of the end segments that extends from the outer periphery toward the first slot in a direction transverse to the first slot to bias current flow through a concentrated region adjacent to and extending along the first slot in each end segment.

Abstract: An electrical heater assembly, fluid treatment assembly, and method of manufacturing same are disclosed. The electrical heater assembly includes a heater body including a resistive portion and a plurality of slits in the resistive portion. The slits electrically disconnect sections of the resistive portion from each other to define a serpentine current-carrying path through the resistive portion. An electrode attachment portion us connected at an end of the serpentine current-carrying path. An electrode is included that includes a first end that is electrically connected to the heater body at the electrode attachment portion. The first end extends in a transverse direction from the heater body.

Abstract: An electrical heater assembly, an exhaust treatment assembly, and method of manufacture. The electrical heater assembly includes a heater body including a plurality of slots disconnecting portions of the heater body from each other. Each slot includes a first end portion that extends to a second end portion, and a receptacle portion located between the first end portion and the second end portion. Portions of the heater body not disconnected by the plurality of slots form a serpentine current-carrying path through the heater body. The first end portion of each slot has a first width, the second end portion of each slot has a second width, and the receptacle portion of each slot has a third width, and the third width is larger than both the first width and the second width.

Abstract: A heater assembly including a heater body having a monolithic honeycomb structure comprising a plurality of intersecting walls. The walls have a thickness and extend in an axial direction to form a plurality of cells of the honeycomb structure that extend axially from a first end face to a second end face. A first electrode is coupled to the heater body. A second electrode is coupled to the heater body. A current-carrying path is defined over the walls between the first electrode and the second electrode. A plurality of openings extend through the thickness of at least some of the walls. A fluid treatment system, method of treating a fluid, and method of manufacturing a heater assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrical heater and method for heating a catalyst. The heater includes a honeycomb body having intersecting walls forming channels extending along a longitudinal axis. A plurality of electrically resistive paths are included, each including at least a portion of the plurality of intersecting walls and extending a length across the honeycomb body transverse to the longitudinal axis. A positive electrode and a negative electrode are in electrical communication with each other via the resistive paths. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are operatively positioned to generate a respective flow of current through each resistive path. The lengths of at least two of the resistive paths differ from each other. The resistive paths are configured with respect to the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode such that the current in each of the resistive paths is substantially equal.

Abstract: An explosive composition for use in telescopically expanding non-lethal training ammunition comprises tetrazene and paraffin wax. The explosive composition can be used as a primer and/or as a source of energetic material in a telescopically expanding non-lethal training cartridge; it can be used to propel a projectile from a telescopically expanding non-lethal training cartridge; and/or it can be used to expand telescopically a non-lethal training cartridge within a host gun.

Abstract: An electrical heater and method for heating a catalyst. The heater includes a honeycomb body having intersecting walls forming channels extending along a longitudinal axis. A plurality of electrically resistive paths are included, each including at least a portion of the plurality of intersecting walls and extending a length across the honeycomb body transverse to the longitudinal axis. A positive electrode and a negative electrode are in electrical communication with each other via the resistive paths. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are operatively positioned to generate a respective flow of current through each resistive path. The lengths of at least two of the resistive paths differ from each other. The resistive paths are configured with respect to the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode such that the current in each of the resistive paths is substantially equal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cutting a substrate are disclosed. In one arrangement, a plurality of recesses are formed in the surface of the substrate. The recesses as such that a stress can be applied to the substrate that is concentrated by the recesses. The concentrated stress causes the substrate to be cut along a cutting line that passes through the recesses. The cutting occurs via propagation of a crack through the recesses.

Abstract: A ventilator system and method can deliver artificial respirations to a person receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The system and method may provide intermittent breath delivery (e.g., with interruptions), so that activation of the device gives a specific predetermined number of breaths, interspersed with a set time period of no breath. This pattern may be by default, manually triggered where one activation gives a set number of breaths followed by a pause until the next activation for breath (one activation gives one breath cycle), or one activation results in continuous cycle of intermittent breaths). In some embodiments, a signaling mechanism may deliver signals to a rescuer relating to timing of chest compressions of the person. The timing of the chest compressions for the signals may be based on a time of delivery of the artificial respirations. In certain embodiments, different sized masks each include a gas flow restrictor which is unique for the size of mask.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for controlling water flow in a water distribution system (e.g., irrigation system). In an irrigation system, an interrupt controller receives control signals from an irrigation controller and data from sensors disposed in the irrigation system, and modifies operations of components in the irrigation system based on the sensor data. The sensor data is analyzed to determine conditions in the irrigation system. Based on the analysis, the operation of the irrigation system is interrupted or modified to optimize the supply of water. The interruption or modification of the operation of the irrigation system allows detected abnormal conditions to be investigated and corrected.

Abstract: Provided is a method that includes automatically providing air/oxygen at a pre-selected maximum pressure limit, breath volume and respiratory-rate. The pre-selected maximum pressure limit, breath volume, and respiratory-rate are automatically set as a function of a size of a mask coupled to an air/oxygen supply system. Further provided is a ventilator system that includes a ventilator mask, a ventilator supply system, and a mask conduit. The ventilator mask is configured in a size that will fit upon a selected range of sizes of human faces. The ventilator supply system includes an air/oxygen source and an air/oxygen regulator system configured to regulate air/oxygen flow parameters as a function of the size of the mask. The mask conduit is configured to couple the ventilator supply to the ventilator mask.

Abstract: An explosive composition for use in telescopically expanding non-lethal training ammunition comprises tetrazene and paraffin wax. The explosive composition can be used as a primer and/or as a source of energetic material in a telescopically expanding non-lethal training cartridge; it can be used to propel a projectile from a telescopically expanding non-lethal training cartridge; and/or it can be used to expand telescopically a non-lethal training cartridge within a host gun.

Abstract: A ventilation management system for a structure includes one or more sensors, disposed in and/or outside the structure, capable determining a pressure differential between the interior and exterior air pressure. A controller coupled to the one or more sensors provides a control signal to one or more ventilation units which signal the ventilation units to bring outside air into the structure to insure that the pressure inside the structure is equal to, or greater than, the pressure outside of the structure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cutting a substrate are disclosed. In one arrangement, a plurality of recesses are formed in the surface of the substrate. The recesses as such that a stress can be applied to the substrate that is concentrated by the recesses. The concentrated stress causes the substrate to be cut along a cutting line that passes through the recesses. The cutting occurs via propagation of a crack through the recesses.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for controlling water flow in a water distribution system (e.g., irrigation system). In an irrigation system, an interrupt controller may receive control signals from an irrigation controller and data from sensors disposed in the irrigation system, and modify operations of components in the irrigation system based on the sensor data. Based on the analysis, the operation of the irrigation system may be interrupted or modified to optimize the supply of water. The interruption of the irrigation system may be controlled by shutting off the water supply to the entire irrigation system.